Gun Rights And Gun Control - 994 Words

In recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social service center, killing 14 people and injuring 21 people that turned the national spotlight on the debate on Gun Rights vs. Gun Control. Gun murder cases are increased in the US and the high rate of gun-related violence needed the gun control laws. This paper critically evaluates of the controversial issue related to criminal justice, so for this paper selects the topic of Gun Rights vs. Gun Control. Gun Rights vs. Gun Control The gun rights and gun control debate start in 2013, after a lone gunman killed around 27 people, including 20 children, six adults and himself at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. In gun violence and ownership, the US leads the world that is directly correlated to the made in the gun control debate-guns kill people. On the base of study, the American Journal of Public Health stated that people those were homicide victims in the US were around 68% killed with handguns between 1988 and 1997 (Laws.com, 2015). In addition, this report also expressed thatShow MoreRelatedGun Rights And Gun Control1405 Words   |  6 PagesGuns right now in the nation of the United States of America are at the center of a heated debate on how they should be handled. With Civilians and politicians alike arguing over how they should be regulated we have many arguments for the pros and cons of both sides. Gun control is now one of the most talked about subject in the country due to the vast amount of mass murders and school shootings that have been taken place in recent years. However, even with all this gun violence taken place it seemsRead MoreGun Control Gun Rights873 Words   |  4 PagesStates have gun control or gun rights? This is a question many people ask and argue over. As a citizen of this country, I would like to examine both sides of the argument and then pick my view on the topic. As of right now, the United States have more gun rights than gun control. However, there have been laws made to regul ate the sale and possession of guns. Many anti-gun activists argue that the NRA (National Rifle Association) is the cause of many of the horrific events involving guns. On the otherRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1775 Words   |  8 PagesSince the very beginning of the United States, gun rights and gun control have comprised one the most controversial debates of the county. On one hand gun rights advocates believe that the right to bear arms is a basic human that should not be in any way violated, and on the other hand gun control advocates have long been thriving for a complete ban of guns. The debate has grown over time from reasonable arguments for gun rights and regulations to an ideologically polarized and extreme argument,Read MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1842 Words   |  8 PagesConstitution protects the rights of individuals, concerning the right to bear arms. Amendment II was adopted on December 15th, 1791. Gun rights and gun control groups alike have been lobbying Congress for decades to craft legislation in their respective favors. Twice in the past two years the gun issue has reached the nation’s highest court. In the 2008 Supreme Court case District of Columbia vs. Heller the court ruled that the Constitution protects an individual’s right to own a gun for personal use (BlocherRead MoreGun Control And Gun Rights Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesabortion, discrimination, racism, gun control and gun rights. Guns have been a hotly debated topic for decades now. There are many different reasons for why it is such a prevalent issue such as, safety, constitutional rights, self defense, mental health, and many more. The two sides of gun control and gun rights see the social issue differently. One side views guns as a safety hazard that needs to be fixed, and the pro gun side view that guns are a Constitutional right that should not be infringed.Read MoreGun Control Versus Gun Rights1645 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Gun Control versus Gun Rights Gun control is a controversial topic that is widely discussed in the United States. The call for gun control came during the 1960’s when many famous figures were assassinated. Today Gun Right’s Activist believes we should not infringe on the Second Amendment. While Gun Control Activist believe we should take precautions to protect people from gun violence. The republicans typically are against gun control while democrats are for gun control. Gun control is a hotRead MoreGun Rights Vs. Gun Control856 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial issue in the United States, and the debates around this topic has started many decades ago. According to the article â€Å"Gun Rights vs. Gun control† by Brianna Gurciullo, these debates are fueled by the people who defend the gun rights and the people who advocate in favor of gun control. It has been difficult to prove that gun ownership is directly related to an increase in violence due to the fact tha t researches tend to disagree on the impact of gun ownershipRead MoreThe Rights Of Gun Control1263 Words   |  6 PagesGun control has been a controversial issue for many years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, or even just the pleasure of hunting. Americans have a constitutional right to own hand guns and stricter laws and licensing will not affectively save lives. The second amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the securityRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights1099 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One: Gun Control Vs. Gun Rights Whether you gather your information from the newspaper, radio, or a website, you have certainly been exposed to one of the most controversial, current debates. It seems that the media refuses to stop talking about this topic. In fact, as soon as the press over one event disappears another event seems to revive the debate. Some citizens say that we need more restrictive gun laws. Meanwhile, other Americans say that more guns are what is necessary.Read MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights968 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control vs. Gun Rights With conservatives, liberals, and moderates continuously arguing about what is right for this country or what is morally or politically correct, we are forced to find a compromised middle-ground, because it can be the difference between life and death in many unfortunate cases. Conservatives believe that The Second Amendment allows citizens the right to bear arms and protect their individual, inalienable rights. They believe that there are too many gun control laws and

Global Energy Consumption On Fossil Fuels - 1857 Words

Abstract Today, global energy consumption heavily relies on fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and natural gas, in 2015, Australia relied 86% of the electricity generation on traditional non-renewable energy sources (73% coal, 13% natural gas).1 The burning of these fossil fuels has been very closely associated with carbon and greenhouse gas emission, resulting changes in the climate such as global warming and extreme weathers. The CO2 emissions had increased from estimated 198 megatons in 1850 to an astonishing 32274 megatons in 2011. The CO2 emission increased 160 times in just the last 160 years.2 As such, the exploration of new, clean renewable energy sources becomes increasing important. To meet the ever increasing demand for energy,†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, osmotic power plants can be installed at any place where rivers meet the seas, this makes it less restricted by the physical location, it also has a minimum influence to the environment since it is only mixing the fres h water and the sea water that are going to meet eventually even if we did not build the power plant. †¢ Method Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a type of SGE that could potentially relieve the energy stress. In PRO, water is transported through a semi-permeable membrane from the feed to pressurise the water on the draw side, then the pressurised water flow pushes the turbine to generate electricity. Even though the theory of harnessing power by mixing high-saline water and low-saline water was first brought up in the 1950s, and the mechanism was first proposed by Leob in 1970s. PRO was not widely accepted due its low performance. And the use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was found to reduce the performance due to severe concentration polarisation. However, with the technological advancement in membrane technologies, PRO seems

E Service Quality Elements Of The Agoda †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The E-Service Quality Elements Of The Agoda? Answer: Introduction E-service quality is broadly speaking considered as the role of service in the online environment. This e-service quality ;has been derived from the the service elements like empathy, reliability, assurance and tangible (Lin et al. 2014). Agoda booking agency is such a type of company which provides e-service to many parts of the world. There are various different branches of Singapore, India, China, Malaysia and other parts of Asia. The main aim of the company is to deliver services in context to hotel booking, vacation booking and the airline industry (Kalia, Arora and Kumalo 2016). It also books for vacation purpose. The main aim of this company is to provide services to the customers while providing excellent facilities. It can be considered that in order to maintain the e-service quality the company adopts certain instruments such as (seo) search engine optimization,( ppc) pay per click, social media, email marketing, and very reactive web designing to market any brand or organi zation. This enables the company to maintain a proper e-service quality throughout the countries where it is available.. The main target of the company is to attract the freight of any company and market in such a way that different hotels can earn more revenues. Different Attributes of E-service quality The online e-service quality elements consist of reliability, assurance, tangibles and responsiveness. These are the main attributes of online customer relationship. Hence in order to attain this marketing is very necessary for any company may be its country-based company or it is an international cooperation. There are certain factors on which the business of an organization is depended on these features. The first one is the external and internal environment of a company and the strategies of marketing the products and its relationship with the customer (Kim and Lennon 2017). E-service quality also depends on these factors. For example, a financial organization the marketing manager must follow certain policies to achieve business. The first is to identify the key strategy of the company that accomplishes the product. Secondly, the manger must be associated with such an agency or company which will enable to develop proper strategies and plans for the company. The manager must be c apable to compete with the other market. Hence., in order to attract customers and influence the competitors by the up gradation of technology . Moreover todays customers want a high degree of satisfaction both in quality and brand from the business man. Hence service is very much important criterion for the customers which includes customer satisfaction, customer delight, and service delivery. In this customer service mainly focuses on the up liftmen of the initiatives taken by the company. It is mainly known as the relationship marketing which embodies certain factors together like customer service, marketing and quality of the products. Hence the companies required to take in consideration of responsiveness, empathy, reliability and tangibles . All these attributes come under the service quality and also the e-service quality (Rostami, Khani and Soltani 2016) . Tangibles here indicates the presence of physical elements, reliability is about dependable and precise performance, res ponsiveness indicates promptness in action and helpfulness, assurance refers to competence, credibility, courtesy and security. Finally, empathy means easy access, good communication and the understanding of customer. If it is carefully considered then one can observe that the Agoda booking service is very responsiveness in its service because customers can book the tickets or accommodation with the help of this service. It also deals very pleasantly with the customers and also provide guides and information about the appropriate and famous destination. This Agoda booking agencies brand has certain strategies. This company analysis each aspect of the company who has come for assistance from this Agoda booking company. The concept of Agoda Booking Company pack is that it provides an in detail analysis of the report of the particular hotel and help the customers to be in contact with the best hotels of the world and also provides proper destinations like Tiomana Paya resort, the Park Bangalore hotel in India. It encompasses around twelve innovative applications for the identity of the company. There are certain strategies of this hotel booking company. The Agoda Booking company pack constructs a very strong brand which becomes the pillar of the different business activities including the hotel industry and the airline industry. This Agoda hotel booking company develops such strategies that the company becomes efficient in business communication. The brand style is created in such a way that it points out the values and vision of the all the hotels associated with it (Einasto 2014). The brand pack also assists that company to build proper relationship marketing by strengthening the relationship with the staff, suppliers and customers of that company. All these products and services are provided to the customers and it enables all the hotels to ultimately become a reputed and branded company with a proper return on investment. Basically this company is not only marketing its own company and its also doing for other restaurants and hotels and destination spots and it ias done by specifically done by digital marketing. Agoda Hotel Booking company provides the required company SEO services so that the business of that particular company can observe its own reputation, profit and its recognition as a brand (Hyun and Suh 2015). This company has a group of SEO specialists who repeatedly supervises the growth of the company so that Agoda Hotel company can deliver updated strategy and techniques which is well placed in the google rankings. Search engines like googles allows every business organization to know about particular things but that is very limited . Hence if one company hires specialists SEO just as this service is provided by the Titan Digital Agency then it will increase the business online visibility and rankings and it also enables to attract capable consumers. Then it permits to target new customers , helps to be recognized as a brand increasing the online return on investment. Agoda booking organization has SEO Audit is inclusive of a competitor analysis the main competitors of the company , their ranking and their tactics of digital marketing. Another is keyword analysis which regulates the consumer behaviour who search online for products. It also helps to know about the words and phrases used by the customer. Another is the PPC which means pay-per-click advertisement which is one of the most strong process of providing targeted customers to the website of the company. PPC, AdWords management permits the publisher google, bing, yahoo to portray the the advertisement the company in different websites (Rostami, Khani and Soltani 2016) . Its significance is unlike traditional process of advertisement when one enters a website one can see the advertisement of the companys websites. Google Adword management is such a kind of highly technological software which is automatically contacts the customer by coming in different websites. The specific causes for the utilization of this PPC is it helps to target specific customers who resides in suburbs and in different time zone. It also allows the campaign of the particular company only can be available at certain times of the day and the manager or the head of the company can deal track the position of it. Adword also permits the advertisement of the website of the company after the customer has left the site of the website. Agoda creates a display advertisement for the company that literally follows the viewers of the company as they search the web (Carrasco et al. 2015) . Another digital marketing tool is the social media marketing tool which has become the number one marketing instrument for many companies. If social media is utilized in a proper way then the marketing will be done s very quickly. Thus it is very important for a company to hire social media professional. Social media is just not about searching twitter and facebook accounts. Its about advantage over that specific tools who will engage existing customers and target the new customer . Its about communicating the brand and business in a direct, often entertaining way. Social media is not as easy as it sounds and can cause damage to the company if not implemented properly. In that case social media needs a group of professional who have creative and technical knowledge to promote the company among potential customers. Social Media Marketing has changed the process by which everybody shares information and the facts with the friends, family and the public .It can be said that conventional way of face-to- face talking and gossiping has changed. Earlier people used to trust their friends and colleagues for recommendations and at present condition Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram etc., to post and read reviews, communicate with friends, voice opinions, read the news, source information on products and services and also jobs according to the needs of the people. Social media has become a part of our lives (Collier and Bienstock 2015) . Thus company must focus on the social media marketing will be enable to attract huge range of consumers.. They are the kind of messages communication which the company want to convey to the customers, identifying the most suitable social media channels to promote the business of the organization, it also enables the company for communicating the right message at the right time for maximum exposure. Email marketing is an effectual procedure of sending the commercial to the list of contacts with the help of the email (Torres 2014). In this era of technology various companies use emails to deliver their message quickly which they used to do it with the help of the television and the radio. It is also an good medium in staying with the contact with the early and current clients, which promotes customer loyalty and helps to sustain the customers (Zehir and Narc?kara 2016). There are certain specific outcomes of using the email (Nathan 2014). The first thing is it is not at all expensive, there are certain initial step fees but compared to traditional marketing emails come at the first, and very cost-effective and effectual in nature (Zhang et al. 2015). Moreover, it is quick efficient. A single click allows the company to deliver an exact information to thousands of database addresses (Doherty, Shakur and Ellis-Chadwick 2015). It expands the client relation with the company by easi ly keeping in contacts with the customers which helps to foster the brands and also enhances reputation of the company. Email marketing delivers measurable outcomes that can be used by the company to improve the marketing strategy of the company. Agoda Agency is also available androip app and iOS app. Agoda hotel book company also needs a group of web designers in order to keep in update about the different destinations new hotels related to it. Agoda hotel Agency has a team of talented web designers who has the ability to create more than 1000 active websites , they also gets the support of writers and digital marketing specialists. Another important thing is that there is a content management system that gives the provision of adding, amending and transforming the content of the website for changing of further design work (Bressolles, Durrieu and Senecal 2014). Content managers does various other works such as Load blogs, change pictures, run special promotions or simply revise the things up occasionally. There are certain reasons for which proper web designing is required. The first attribute is it helps the customers to get knowledge about the exact things which they want to know Macro and Micro Environment of the E-Service Quality Micro environment is inclusive of individuals and organizations which deals with on the regular basis of suppliers, competitors, customers, intermediaries, and employees and also online customers (Ayo et al. 2016) . Suppliers can provide superior quality of products and services at a reasonable price (Chuang and Lin 2016). The suppliers use the websites to display its products and services needed for different companies. According to the customers it is very much important to understand and supply what customer need. Identify the buyer behavior, where is to access customers online. It also actualizes the company to analyse the behaviour of the customers. E-service quality has such components like to be emphatic to the customers. For example, it can be analyzed that if one purchase the product it is can be recorded and the company can gift them a flower bunch or a a gift on specific occasions (Al-dweeri et al. 2014). Another important aspect is that the human resource is one of the im portant feature of the company. New employees must adopt themselves with the process of the using internets and seeking digital help for the company. Hence this enables to provide a competitive advantage over other company If one comes in the context to Agoda hotel booking company itself is a digital marketing agency it is very much particular about the strategies of meeting up the e-service quality. . It has specific teams of talented individuals who coordinates the whole company and it connects with other hotel industries. Thus it creates a bond of trust and proper responsiveness among the employees. It has innumerable customers and the agency provides proper innovative strategies to make that company flourish. Agoda booking agency provides the customer considerable amount of commissions. Especially it does with the permanent customers. Hence it shows the empathy towards the customers . Agoda booking hotel also has a highly motivated research team and media team who keeps in up to date about some facts like Japan and Myanmar attracts more customers from European countries. It is customer relation is much n good because it gives discount in occasions like Eid (Zhuang, and Babin 2015). The team members of the company are highly motivated by the managers and leaders of the company. The company has three basic assets. Employees are trained by the digital education. The company has adopted the strategy of reducing costs and improvement in client accretion (Stiglingh 2014). The company has detail knowledge regarding industrial trends, and also has the permission to new global products in the hotel industry. Therefore, it can be said that the company has also certain tangible elements. Macro environment includes certain features of the government policy, social transformation and the economy of the society. Society is the factor that impacts on the consumers habit the most and influence on customers belief and psychology that lead to decision of buying online or no t. It can be considered that the process in which the technology of each country regulates everything in modern times and it has also has a positive impact in the marketing of the business and the organizations. Agoda Hotel Agency booking in that case has brought a innovative changes by making contact with the customers to each small hotel organizations and cooperation into a reputed one and thus helped the organizations to earn revenues and also to provide the customers all the service elements of the organization. Critically Evaluation and Recommendation of the Company Agoda booking company is not only interacts with the hotel industry but it also deals with online booking of flights. Thus, it has huge range customers all over the world; it has to responsibility while meeting demands of all the customers. As it is an online booking company, it tries to maintain the e-service elements of the organization. When one encounter a problem while one is browsing or booking a hotel accommodation using Agoda's services, one do not to decide about language barriers, which further complicated the matters This is because this hotel booking website offers multilingual customer support service . Therefore, in whatever language one speaks or whatever time zone one is staying at the present situation , one can be assured that there will be someone from their customer support who will help the customer to resolve the problems. So, the company has the e-service elements of empathy and assurance which behinds the people of different languages together. But It has been seen in some of the reviews of the Agoda hotel booking that this company sometimes has problems with the freight charges. People who generally come from the elite background do not have any problem with these changes but people who are mainly from the middle class background has a serious problem regarding this. In this context Agoda booking agency must provide schemes and facilities to the common people. This is because an organization cannot perform well for a long run. It is true that this company has a good records and its dealing with the customers is also good. But each and every organization must be able to prepared themselves in such a way that it can stand through all the adverse situation of the industry. The environment of the booking agency have a overall positive impact among the employees of the company and it has also meet all the e-service service elements. This booking agency also creates a huge employment s for many youths of the young generation. The company must also focus on bringing changes to the society by providing sponsorships and money to educational institutes and must develop certain schemes for the rising entrepreneurs. Conclusion: Agoda Booking Agency has set a benchmark in the e-service quality. The organization has provided efficient support to the business organizations like hotel industry, airline industry to promote their brand name among their potential consumers. The organizational management of Agoda Booking agency often incorporates various unique and innovative strategies that influence the growth of the organization and consequently it has well developed its online customer relationship. E-service quality has become one of the integral parts of the organizational structure in recent time. Every business in order to promote themselves and maintain the customer relationship there is need of online digital marketing. Agoda booking agency helps the business organizations to put a significant impact on the particular industry and battle against other rival companies. Although, there is a tough competition in the market, the organizational management of Agoda Booking Agency has become capable of grabbing the attention of their potential clients only uplifting the online e-service quality of the organization. The arrival of several rival companies has led the organization to face various difficulties. The unique and high quality service of the organization has stimulated the growth of the organization. Agoda booking Marketing Agency consists of various strengths, weaknesses, such as- its unique policies, growth of the rival companies and so on that has put a significant impact on the organizational development. It can be said that the e-service quality has a significant impact in the organization. They consider that clients are the key element of their organizational structure. Though the organization maintain a proper quantity and quality of online e-.service quality. In order to increase the online customer relationship the company must do regular interaction with their clients to avoid any kind of crisis in the future, such as- reputation crisis, financial crisis and so on. It wil l enhance the profit margin and meet the demands customers of the Agoda booking agency and help the organizational management to earn long-term goal. Reference Al-dweeri, R.M., Obeidat, Z.M., Al-dwiry, M.A., Alshurideh, M.T. and Alhorani, A.M., 2017. The Impact of E-Service Quality and E-Loyalty on Online Shopping: Moderating Effect of E-Satisfaction and E-Trust.International Journal of Marketing Studies,9(2), p.92. Ayo, C.K., Oni, A.A., Adewoye, O.J. and Eweoya, I.O., 2016. E-banking users behaviour: e-service quality, attitude, and customer satisfaction.International Journal of Bank Marketing,34(3), pp.347-367. Bressolles, G., Durrieu, F. and Senecal, S., 2014. A consumer typology based on e-service quality and e-satisfaction.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(6), pp.889-896. Carrasco, R.A., Snchez-Fernndez, J., Muoz-Leiva, F., Blasco, M.F. and Herrera-Viedma, E., 2015. Evaluation of the hotels e-services quality under the users experience.Soft Computing, pp.1-17. Chen, Y.T., 2015. A study of the influence of e-service quality on consumer repurchase intention for online shopping stores. Chuang, S.H. and Lin, H.N., 2016. Performance implications of information-value offering in e-service systems: Examining the resource-based perspective and innovation strategy.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems. Collier, J.E. and Bienstock, C.C., 2015. A conceptual framework for measuring e-service quality. InCreating and Delivering Value in Marketing(pp. 158-162). Springer International Publishing. Doherty, N.F., Shakur, M. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2015. The role of e-service quality management in the delivery business value.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,27, pp.52-62. Einasto, O., 2014. Investigating e-service quality criteria for university library: a focus group study.New Library World,115(1/2), pp.4-14. Hyun, H.W. and Suh, M.S., 2015. The Study of the Influence of Low Cost Carriers' Web site Service Quality on Customer Loyalty.Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics,23(1), pp.103-112. Kalia, P., Arora, R. and Kumalo, S., 2016. E-service quality, consumer satisfaction and future purchase intentions in e-retail.e-Service Journal,10(1), pp.24-41. Kim, J.H. and Lennon, S.J., 2017. Descriptive Content Analysis on E-Service Research.International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology (IJSSMET),8(1), pp.18-31. Lin, Y., Luo, J., Zhou, L., Ieromonachou, P., Huang, L., Cai, S. and Ma, S., 2014, June. The impacts of service quality and customer satisfaction in the e-commerce context. InService Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM), 2014 11th International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Nathan, D., 2014. The Relationship Among E-service Quality Dimensions, Overall Internet Banking Service Quality, and Customer Satisfaction in the USA.Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,10(4). Rostami, A., Khani, A.H.A. and Soltani, G., 2016. The impact of e-service quality on the improvement of the level of communication with customers of bank Melli branches in south Tehran affairs office.Procedia Economics and Finance,36, pp.448-455. Stiglingh, M., 2014. A measuring instrument to evaluate e-service quality in a revenue authority setting.Public relations review,40(2), pp.216-225. Torres, E.N., 2014. Deconstructing service quality and customer satisfaction: Challenges and directions for future research.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,23(6), pp.652-677. Zehir, C. and Narc?kara, E., 2016. E-Service Quality and E-Recovery Service Quality: Effects on Value Perceptions and Loyalty Intentions.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,229, pp.427-443. Zhang, M., Huang, L., He, Z. and Wang, A.G., 2015. E-service quality perceptions: an empirical analysis of the Chinese e-retailing industry.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(11-12), pp.1357-1372. Zhuang, W. and Babin, B.J., 2015. The Influence of E-Service-Quality on Customer Value Perception and Satisfaction: The Case of Third-Party Web Sites. InMarketing Dynamism Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same(pp. 114-117). Springer International Publishing.

Marketer Model For Communication Industries â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketer Model For Communication Industries? Answer: Introducation Internet has changed the way the world works in todays time. With the advent of modern technologies and continuous growth and encouragement given to innovation of technology companies can reach the end customers in just a click. One of the latest trends of the decade is the social media. These are platforms used with the help of internet to connect and communicate with people who are geographically located away from the sender of the message. Social media has also made mass communication easy a person can post a massage on the portal and that can be viewed and given feedback by many receivers. Digital marketing is referred to all the forms of marketing strategies that is adopted by a business organization online. Digital medium such as Google search, social media, email, and their websites are used as a tool to communicate between the organization and the end customer (Ryan 2016). People now have access to data and information at any point of time and place with the help of internet. With the help of several modern mobile devices like Smartphone and tablets this facility is even easier and digital marketing is using this facility as benefit for an organization. Digital marketing has made feedback option very easy and quick, this is a significant reason why companies encourage digital media. Posting reviews of a product or service in a blog or the review section of any e-commerce website is like an instant feedback for the company. Digital marketing helps a company build a personal relationship with the customers and helps them develop a better understanding of the customer expectation and grievances. McDonalds is a fan favorite it is now an icon. McDonalds is a large multination company that has a large number of stores and franchise (Chaffey et al. 2013). However, the company has faced a lot of criticism and negative publicity over the years regarding several aspects of the products and services they offer and also on the management. But the company has dealt will all the negativity only to grow and keep expanding (Leeflang et al. 2014). McDonalds is a dynamic organization that has changed with the requirement and the advances of the target customers. The customers of the brand are a diverse population that enjoys the food that the franchise has to offer along with the company. The current situation of the company is that the profits of the company have been experiencing a downfall and it is difficult for McDonalds to meet the expectations of the stakeholders along with this the sales of the organization has also seen a steep fall, at this point the organization has opted to launch an ambitious and somewhat risky marketing campaign centered on what exactly is in the food it offers consumers. McDonalds has been focusing on changing the fundamental mind set or notion of people for the past few years. The marketing strategies that are adopted by the company have changed course on exposing myths that is associate with food, as well as pushing a message of quality. One of the examples of a very trending digital campaign of McDonalds is the promotional strategy of the new Bacon Clubhouse burger, McDonalds partnered with popular NBA star LeBron James and other famous sports personalities in order to makes a Snapchat video story of just 30 seconds. Snapchat is a popular social media application among the youth and this strategy is perfect for introducing new products into the line. This is a successful strategy but the rate of success is not as much as was expected by the company. The duration of these snap stories are for a limited period of time and there are people who can easily miss the story. Again only the people who follow these celebrities can view the snap stories and the rest cannot even if they are a regular user of the application. You may have noticed the brands recent TV commercials, which feature a large McDonalds kiosk on a sidewalk encouraging pedestrians to ask questions about the restaurants food (Leeflang et al. 2014). Experts say that the companies understanding of the digital marketing sector is wrong and the information and reach of the internet is still new to the company. For example, the content in their website deals with the products the brand and the ingredients that is used by the company in the products that they offer, but the information is not insightful does not have a point of reference and is almost vague for the people. Our Food, Your Questions is another digital campaign that did not receive success because the strategy did not have transparency in the campaign and it from a lack of honesty and self-awareness (Royle and Laing 2014). McDonalds fails to communicate with the end customers and continues to invest a lot of money in the traditional form of marketing like billboards and television advertising and statistics show that there is a falling trend in the effectiveness of traditional forms in compared to digital marketing trends. The twitter #McDstories proved as a disaster fo r the company garnering a lot of negative comment and bad publicity form the twitteraties. With a series of hash tag camping started by the company this is one that backfired the motives of the brand tremendously. People started sharing their worst experiences with the company rather than the good ones and some of the experiences shared were very controversial and had a negative impact on the image of the company (Chaffey et al. 2013). Facebook is one of the most popular and used social media platforms and the reach of Facebook is wide spread and diverse. One of the digital marketing strategies that can be used by McDonalds is extensive use of Facebook by promoting and sharing some extraordinary positive experiences that employees of MacDonald had while working with the organization. Instagram has gained a lot of popularity lately and people enjoy sharing their photos MacDonald can come up with a photo challenge with the #McPic offering people with best clicks in real time discounts or free meal option. But this would be applicable for people who are visiting the store for meal. Another social media platform that is very popular among the youth and the target market of McDonalds is YouTube. YouTube in todays time has a large influence on the buying trends of consumers acting as an influence factor in the buying behavior of the target market of a company (Royle and Laing 2014). Starting from Smartphone to other elec tronic good, beauty products and even services are tested by the youtubers and are reviewed. Like beauty products and lifestyle products a new product can be launch and reviewed by popular food vlogger and YouTube personalities to post their honest reviews. McDonalds can collaborate with these people and ask them to post their honest review and implement the changes recommended and again ask these people to talk about it in their other social media platforms (Ryan 2016). Digital marketing is a new and improved method of marketing, which if implemented correctly has a significant impact in communicating the right message to the right people at the right time. But, companies also have use the platform carefully and responsible keep in mind the sensibility of the message and the impact it will have on the society. Crisis management and contingency plans are a part of the digital marketing strategies companies should plan ahead of the expected outcomes of a campaign and act accordingly because what people think and say on the internet is not under the control of the company hence the contingency plans are a crutial part of any marketing campaign. Reference list: Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2013.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Leeflang, P.S., Verhoef, P.C., Dahlstrm, P. and Freundt, T., 2014. Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era.European management journal,32(1), pp.1-12. Royle, J. and Laing, A., 2014. The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.65-73. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers.

Human Disease Research Essays - Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology

Human Disease Research Human Disease IINTRODUCTION Human Disease, in medicine, any harmful change that interferes with the normal appearance, structure, or function of the body or any of its parts. Since time immemorial, disease has played a role in the history of societies. It has affected-and been affected by-economic conditions, wars, and natural disasters. Indeed, the impact of disease can be far greater than better-known calamities. An epidemic of influenza that swept the globe in 1918 killed between 20 million and 40 million people. Within a few months, more than 500,000 Americans died-more than were killed during World War I (1914-1918), World War II (1939-1945), the Korean War (1950-1953), and the Vietnam War (1959-1975) combined. Diseases have diverse causes, which can be classified into two broad groups: infectious and noninfectious. Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another and are caused by microscopic organisms that invade the body. Noninfectious diseases are not communicated from person to person and do not have, or are not known to involve, infectious agents. Some diseases, such as the common cold, are acute, coming on suddenly and lasting for no more than a few weeks. Other diseases, such as arthritis, are chronic, persisting for months or years, or recurring frequently. Every disease has certain characteristic effects on the body. Some of these effects, called symptoms and signs, include fever, inflammation, pain, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and rashes, and are readily apparent to the patient. These symptoms offer important clues that help physicians and other health care professionals make a diagnosis. Many times, however, the symptoms point to several possible disorders. In those cases, doctors rely on medical tests, such as blood examinations and X rays, to confirm the diagnosis. The course of a disease-that is, the path it follows from onset to end-can vary tremendously, depending largely on the individual and the treatment he or she receives. For example, otherwise healthy people usually recover quickly from a bout of pneumonia if given proper treatment, whereas pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system and to those who do not receive prompt, effective treatment. Some diseases run a different course depending on the patient's age. Chicken pox, for instance, is usually mild in childhood but severe in adults. In the United States, only about 5 percent of chicken pox cases occur in people over the age of 20, but these cases account for 50 percent of all deaths from the disease. Scientists, public health officials, and other members of the medical community work diligently to try to prevent disease epidemics. The battle is constant and is fought on many fronts. There have been many victories. Once-devastating diseases such as smallpox and diphtheria have been virtually eradicated, and many other diseases that once conferred automatic death sentences can now be either cured or controlled. At the same time, however, new killers have emerged. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are among at least 30 diseases that have been identified by scientists since the early 1970s. Other growing challenges, particularly in the affluent societies of industrialized nations, are so-called diseases of choice, such as alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or obesity, that result from addictive behavior, poor eating habits, or insufficient exercise. Complicating matters further are societal changes. Increased international travel accelerates the spread of both new and old diseases: A person infected with an unusual virus on one continent can arrive-with the virus-on another continent in a matter of hours. Ships, planes, and trucks can transport disease-carrying organisms just as easily. In 1985 tires imported into Texas from Asia carried larvae of the Asian tiger mosquito, which is a carrier of dengue fever and other tropical diseases. Within five years, Asian tiger mosquitoes were living in 17 states. Changing dietary habits and the availability in local supermarkets of foods from all parts of the world contribute to an increase in food-borne illnesses. Some researchers worry that growing populations and the resulting crowded living conditions will increase the risk of epidemics. IIINFECTIOUS DISEASE Infectious diseases are caused by microscopic organisms commonly called germs. Physicians refer to these disease-causing organisms as pathogens. Pathogens that infect humans include a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, and parasitic worms. In addition, it has been

Kant Essays - Social Philosophy, Kantianism, Deontological Ethics

Kant Essays - Social Philosophy, Kantianism, Deontological Ethics Kant Kant starts off making two distinctions regarding kinds of knowledge, empirical/rational and formal/material. Empirical or experience-based knowledge is compared with rational knowledge, which is independent of experience. This distinction between empirical and rational knowledge rests on a difference in sources of evidence used to support the two different kinds of knowledge. Formal is compared with material knowledge. Formal knowledge has no specific subject matter; it is about the general format of thinking about any subject matter whatsoever. Material knowledge is of a specific subject matter, either nature or freedom. Rational knowledge is metaphysics, of which there are two branches, the metaphysics of nature and of morals. The metaphysics of nature is supposed to provide rational knowledge of the laws of nature. These are not empirical laws; they are more like universal principles of nature that any empirical physical would presuppose, such as that no event in nature occurs without a natural cause. The metaphysics of freedom is supposed to provide knowledge of the laws of freedom. These are the universal rules, which free agents form to govern them. Therefore, Kant's grounding, his initial attempt at a critique of rational reason, is an investigation of the possibility of purely rational knowledge of morals. Take, for example, the Moral Rule: Thou shall not lie. If the moral law is valid as the basis of moral obligation or duty, then it must be necessary. Kant using the word necessity means that the rule obligates or binds whatever the conditions or in all circumstances. It also means that the rule applies to all rational beings and not only to human beings. In this second sense we can say that the rule is universally binding. So in fact, moral rules are universal and necessary. If a moral rule is to be universal and necessary, the moral law must be derived from concepts of pure reason alone. Therefore, if a moral rule or law can only be derived from reason alone, there must be a pure moral philosophy whose task is to provide such a derivation. According to Kant good will and only a good will is intrinsically good. Kant distinguishes two different types of intrinsic or extrinsic goods. If a thing is only extrinsically good, then it is possible for that thing not to be good, or to be bad or evil. Intrinsic goodness is goodness in itself; if a thing is intrinsically good, its goodness is essential to it; and its goodness is not a function of factors other than itself. Kant holds that only a good will, not happiness, is intrinsically good. The idea that it is reason rather than natural impulse that guides action for the sake of happiness is false. Parts of a person perform their functions by surviving and this provides happiness for the person. Reason functions poorly in serving that purpose; instinct does better job. Natural instinct rather than reason provides better for happiness. Kant distinguishes between having a reason to act and acting for a reason. The motivating reason is the reason for which agent acts. A justifying reason is the reason that justifies, warrants, and provides the criterion of rightness for the action. The agent's motivating reason might or might not provide a justifying reason for his action. Kant then defines three types of motivating reasons. One type of non-moral motivation is natural motivation. Action in accord with duty is motivated by immediate or direct inclination. Direct inclination includes such motives as love, sympathy, instinct for self-preservation, or the desire for happiness. The other type of non-moral motivation is prudence. An action in agreement with duty, but motivated by prudence, is action motivated by the pursuit of self-interest or happiness. Since all human beings naturally desire happiness, prudential motivation is indirectly motivated by a natural motivation. Moral motivation is the third type of motivation. The action is not only in agreement with duty, but motivated by duty, done from duty, or for sake of duty. The agent's motivating reason, the reason for which he acts, is that the action is what morality demands and he wants above all to do what reason demands.

Spanish new paper article. Selling Mansion. 1 page or less Essay

Spanish new paper article. Selling Mansion. 1 page or less - Essay Example Las habitaciones està ¡n equipadas con muebles antiguos. Todas tienen chimeneas, armarios, cama, burà ³ con su silla, gaveteros, dos mesitas de noche, una silla de noche, là ¡mparas, espejos, televisià ³n, radio, cuadros, y plantas. Los tres servicios sanitarios està ¡n ubicados en cada piso de las habitaciones, son dos habitaciones por piso y el medio servicio sanitario ubicado en el sà ³tano. Los tres servicios sanitarios tienen su ducha, baà ±eras con jacuzzi, lavamanos, bacineta, espejos de pared, y armario. La cocina es amplia, tiene una amplia mesa en el centro de la cocina, tiene estufa, nevera de dos puertas verticales y una de ellas es el congelador, està ¡ equipada con platos, vasos, copas, utensilios, sartenes, cacerolas, tostadora, micro-ondas, batidora y plantas. La sala tiene su sofà ¡, sillas, mesa en el centro de forma rectangular, mesitas a los extremos del sofà ¡ y al lado de las sillas, là ¡mparas en cada mesa, là ¡mpara cristal colgada del techo, una chimenea, cuadros y plantas. El comedor tiene su mesa para sentar doce personas, un chinero, cuadros y plantas. El salà ³n de juegos tiene un billar, mesa para juegos de mesa para seis personas, una computadora y sus accesorios, sofà ¡ y sillas. El à ¡tico se usa para guardar artà ­culos. El sà ³tano lo ocupa la lavanderà ­a con una mà ¡quina de lavar, una secadora, un lavadero, y un colgadero. El cuarto de servicio de la servidumbre està ¡ en el sà ³tano y tiene su cama, mesitas de noche, gavetero, là ¡mparas, televisià ³n, radio, cuadros y

Describe in detail one developmental and one degenerative method of Essay

Describe in detail one developmental and one degenerative method of age determination in human skeletal remains. Then Describe i - Essay Example For example, some methods are more relevant to males and some to females. Actually, fforensic biology deals with various methods and techniques used for identification of age and sex of the skeletal remains. On the basis of the modern researches and studies it is evident that currently modern scientists are implementing the most accurate and efficient research methods in their studies. A field of forensic biology is not an exception and both degenerative and developmental methods, as well as their relevant application are considered further on. Part A Developmental method For example, such conditions as arthritis and osteoporosis can be prevalent in old age. Therefore, this type of conditions signifies old age of the remains of the skeleton. The age at death of a skeleton is the key feature in analysis of demographic characteristics of the skeleton. Age of dead individuals can be a key to their life, physical features, health, culture etc. Methods for age determination can depend on environment or a specific region. Widely-known methods, such as those used by Buikstra and Ubelaker’s and other researchers and scientists (1994) are focused on fusion of bone, which is a very important indicator. UK scientists and researchers underline the importance of dentition. Whereas Van der Merwe, Morris, Steyn, Maat underline that a special attention should be paid for fusion and degenerative features. These researchers pay their attention to the efficient and accurate practices and methods of age determination. Researchers and scientists are mainly dependent on microscopic determination of age. Age category determination depends on a certain community and its traditions of age determination. Scheuer and Black (2000) or Brickley and McKinley (2004) and many other modern researchers and scientists were focused on a detailed consideration about developmental osteology which is a very important resource for working and cooperation with infants or juveniles and their skel eton remains. Each skeletal element develops in accordance with its own scenario and each age stage. There are the following appropriate features and characteristics, which can be mentioned: â€Å"The complete fusion of all long-bone epiphyses, the eruption of the third molars, and fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (basilar suture) are all used as markers of adulthood† (Righter, 2002, p. 43). Developmental characteristics and methods are confirmed, because genetics and evolution can be identified in the process of developmental methods implementation. Bones, teeth and other features, which are appropriate for this method, are less sensitive to the environment. Age can be also determined in accordance with the following methods and techniques implemented: â€Å"For example, union of the mandible at the mandibular symphysis occurs between six and nine months, while development of the tympanic ring and its eventual fusion with the temporal bone, closure of the fontan elles, and fusion of the metopic suture all normally occur around two to three years of age† (Van der Merwe, Morris, Steyn, Maat). Therefore, developmental methods are mainly reliable on skeletal parts, which are less sensitive to the environment and many other external factors. Degenerative method From 20s the age of skeleton remains has been identified basing on the degenerative method. There were some changes in the

Air Asia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Air Asia - Case Study Example However, they tend to value quality service, and are willing to pay for excellent service. On the other hand, Asians are less likely to concentrate on quality of service, and are willing to compromise quality service for a low price. Furthermore, people in the U.S. and Europe can use other forms of transport for short trips such as speed rail, bus etc. However, there are hardly any world class rails in Asia, and air travel remains the only option for many travelers. Some people in Asia might use bus, but the advent of budget airlines has made it cheaper for travelers to fly instead. Given today's economic climate, low-fare service would be a hit in any part of the world and the Gulf region is no exception. Although, the Gulf region has a good per capita income, lower and middle class travelers would nevertheless welcome low-fare service and it would definitely affect the large carriers in the Gulf Region. Q2: Air Asia is a budget airline which was on the verge of bankruptcy, but sprang up in 2001 to become the world's cheapest airline. Air Asia is a budget airline and succeeded in getting the lowest cost per kilometer of any airline. It was largely in part because of the declining demand for air travel and fleet purchases in the aftermath of 9/11. Thus, time was a key player in ensuring that Air Asia got the lowest cost structure possible. Furthermore, Air Asia also differentiated itself from other carriers by initiating ticketless travel. Under this new method, travelers had to book tickets online and there was no hassle to for travelers to go through agents. This made travel easy for the passengers and helped further in the reduction of distribution costs. However, Air Asia was similar to other carriers because all carriers of its type focused on low cost travel and targeted small business travelers. Moreover, Air Asia just like other carriers also offered only three types of fares. This was to stimulate demand for these carriers and attract travelers from major airlines like Malaysian Airlines. Q3: By reading the case study, I feel that Air Asia was wrong in its decision of Internet booking. Although this has been a viable option for many travelers, it has also meant that the airline is losing potential passengers who do not have access to the Internet. Air Asia is targeting relatives and small travelers and many might not have access to Internet. Furthermore, I also feel that expanding too much in a short period of time might have its disadvantages. Purchasing a lot of fleet might be a cause of concern given today's shifting business climate. It would be difficult to make monthly payments if uncertain conditions force demand to plunge. First, Air Asia came into the market at the right time. Just after the terrorist attacks of September 11, the aviation industry took an uncertain turn and there was a drop in demand. This caused the market for fleets to go down and leasing costs were reasonable, causing Air Asia to penetrate the market. Also, Air Asia expanded beyond national borders and grabbed the opportunity to serve neighboring countries. Moreover, Air A

Royal Mail To Change Its Business Plan And Strategies Business Essay

Royal Mail To Change Its Business Plan And Strategies Business Essay Royal Mail HRM Strategies an Overview (2005-2010) Abstract: The rapid growth in the Digital Communication applications such as internet, fax, email, online shopping, and the Postal Service Act (2000), liberalization of market, drives Royal Mail to change its business plan and strategies to survive in the current dynamic completive postal market and in a broader way its future business is uncertain. This essay aims to depict the Royal Mail Human Resource Management (HRM) policies and strategies, and mainly focused for the period of 2005-2010. It also covers how Royal Mail is dealing with competition from the new entrants, and how it handled the recent credit crunch and its impact on the Royal Mail business. Introduction: In recent times, this group has been confronting with various problems. The group reported loses for several quarters. So, the government had asked the postal regulatory body Postal Service Commission (Postcomm1) to liberalize the postal market. Initially, in 2003 license were allotted to private company to handle the bulk mail. In 2006, the markets were fully liberalized and the group loses its monopoly2 status. All the licensed operators were able to deliver mails to both the residential and business customers. Postal Service in the UK: 1 An Independent regulatory body set p up in the year 2000, to regulate the postal service in UK 2 A dominant player in the postal service market with full control over the market. 3 http://www.royalmail.com. In spite of the advancement in the communication methods like internet, email and other electronic messaging options, people are trusting on postal service for sending parcel and letters and particularly in elderly, disabled, and the low income groups, and the small business sectors. Every week the group serves 20 million customers3 through its network of around 12000 post office branches and deliver some 400 million parcels a year through general logistics systems and parcel force . The universal service and the uniform pricing are the two important attributes of the Royal Mail postal service. Based on these attributes only the Universal Service4 Obligation (USO) was formed. As per the USO, the cost of delivering the letter is same irrespective of the location. To regulate the postal service in the UK, the Postal Service Act was put in place with the Postcomm. The main task of the Postcomm includes, 4Delivery every working day to every premises regardless of price and location , some exceptional conditions permitted by UK and Europe Union law. 5 Handling with customers complaints in the postal services and monitoring the standards and quality of the services provided by the Royal Mail. . Grant license to other companies. . Provisioning the uniform pricing and universal service. . Controlling Royal Mail pricing strategy and its quality of services. . Advising the government on the development in the post services. To watch dog the Royal Mail quality services, an independent organization Post Watch 5 was formed to monitor and control the quality standards. Royal Mail Group History: Royal Mail was established by Henry VIII, in 1516 under a Master of Post . Royal Mail was available to public in1635, with postage being paid by the recipient. In 1660, Charles II officially established the General Post Office (GPO). Telegraph services was introduced in 1840 by Royal Mail, and in 1912 the group started the telephone service. Post code was introduced in 1959. In 1969, the GPO became a public corporation from its existing government department. The post office made acquisition and partnership with German parcel, Katipos and TNT post group to enter into international market. In 2000, the company reported losses and it continued for several quarters. In 2001, the post office was renamed Consignia. In 2002, Consignia was renamed as Royal Mail group plc. The Royal Mail Group lost its monopoly status when the 2006 liberalization was introduced. In 2007, government proposed to privatize the group but the election, change in the government and the recent financial turmoil is the key factors for the postponement of the proposal without any further date. Literature Review: Over the years, it is apparent that organizations are considering Human Resource Management policies as the key factor to succeed in the business. HR department is acting as a strategic business partner within the organization to make the effective strategic business and human resource policies to achieve the organization goals and objectives, rather than managing the employees and payroll, as was conventionally the case. Senior HR practitioners and experts are more in demand in the today s corporate world. Through the years, there is lot of organizational level studies and research across the business sectors manifested measurable relationship between the effective HR practices (recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, rewards and recognitions, training and development) and business performance. According to Mark Huselid (Huselid, 1995) seminal study related the adoption of HR practices across 968 US companies with their financial performance (controlling for performance in previous years) . HRM authors such as Becker and Huselid (Becker and Huselid, 2006) emphasize the need for HR strategy to be clearly linked to the business strategy and for the constituent HR Practices to operate in a joined-up way, this being seen as key in order for the strategy to be focused on what matters, avoid duplication and optimize outcomes . Therefore HR function has vital role in understanding the stakeholder s business goals, transforming those into commercial business perspective and identifying the challenges and opportunities from the employee s perspective and address them in their final approach. Combs, et al. (2006) aggregated 92 large scale studies conducted at the organizational level to produce a robust analysis across a large sample. This research revealed that on an average, having a progressive HR system (e.g. objective selection, training, appraisals, employee surveys, etc.) related to an average of 4% higher revenue per employee where five or six major HR practices were in place within an organization . Business Model: Royal Mail Group operates through its subsidiaries Royal Mail, Post Office Limited, General Logistics Systems (GLS) and Parcel force worldwide. Royal Mail is responsible for collecting and delivering the mail in the UK and handles around 71 millions of letters and packages to 28 million addresses in every working day, in line with its unique Universal Service Obligation (USO). Producing and Designing the stamps and, philatelic products are also taken care by Royal Mail. The Post Limited: It has national net work across the UK. Larger post offices in urban area were directly managed by the Post office limited and other branches are managed by franchise partners. General Logistic Systems: Royal Mail acquired the General Logistic Systems in 1999 to enter into the European parcel market. GLS was market leader in the integration parcel distribution and express customer service in the European market. Parcelforce Worldwide: Parcelforce Worldwide is responsible for collecting and delivering the parcel and express packages throughout the world and in the UK for both the individual and business customers. Royal Mail Competition and Challenges: Royal mail is facing tough competition in postal market after the full liberalization act, and in particularly express package business. Its main competitors6 in the package delivery market are world net, Deutsche Post, TNT, UPS, and other airline which provide express package services. Most of its key competitors such as UPS, Deutsche Post, and TNT have large scale of operations, which could put Royal Mail at a competitive disadvantage . 6 http://www.datamonitor.com Though the letter market is declining due to the digital communication advancements, Royal Mail s profitability and efficiency is vital for the future of the UK postal sector and it also plays a major role in the UK economy and providing and safeguarding millions of jobs in the recent financial down turn, where as all other public and private sector firms are reducing its work force in large numbers.. But Royal Mail faces a lot of challenges. The group has been reporting looses for several quarters, and its pension deficit is widening; Modernization process is being very slow and also the tough competition from the new entrants in the domestic and European markets are constantly increasing. The culture change is one of the biggest challenges Royal Mail has been facing from quite some time. It required consistent high quality delivery from everyone in the company, value for money. According to, Adam Crozier7, Royal Mail must have the freedom and flexibility to set the right prices, based on real costs. If that happens, I think the new competitive environment will succeed. Competitors are already targeting profitable business mail. We need to compete with them on price as well as service if we are to keep the universal service8 in business . Improving the Customer Service: One of the main objectives for the Royal Mail was to reach everyone, everywhere, more than any other business in the UK through its mail, post office, and parcel and package business services . There were many complaints from customers about loss of letters but after working with Post Watch, the quality and service standards were improved when compared to the previous years. Price is the predominate factor in the competition. New entrants are providing higher value services with the modern technologies. Royal Mail has to offer high standard services to the customers. IT Initiatives: 7 The CEO Of Royal mail (2003-2010(June) ) 8 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4274335. To modernize its services and operations, Royal Mail streamlined its IT departments in collaboration with BT and Xansa. Royal Mail web based customers are growing vastly, so to improve the communication with online users. Royal Mail has also implemented the SAP 9Software to main its sales order and other process. As part its IT initiatives the group introduced the recruitment and employment process through online. Financial Crisis Impact on Royal Mail: 9 SAP Systems, Application and Products in data processing. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software to automate the customer and payment details . 10 Royal Mail Holdings plc Annual Report and Financial Statements for the period 0f 2009-2010 Royal mail made good progress in (2008-2010), when compare on the previous year records. Due to the subprime mortgage crisis, all the major economies are suffering from the so- called credit crunch. Royal mail made profit, despite when the world economy in downturn and the mail market is declining in UK and in all part of the globe. Due to the weak global market conditions, the group revenue dipped to 9,349 million 10in first time in a decade, but all it is four business groups (mail, post office, GLS, parcel force worldwide) made in profits through their pricing strategy and good customer service. Royal Mail implemented modernization and efficiency measures to automate the mail processing and the agreement the made with Communication Workers Union (CWU) also made positive impact among its employees. Business unit performance External Revenue Operating profit/Loss* M M 2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 2008 Royal Mail Letters GLS Parcelforce Worldwide Post Office Limited Other businesses Group 6,564 6,707 6,830 121 58 (3) 1,487 1,495 1,232 112 124 114 399 399 379 17 12 8 838 908 911 72 41 (34) 61 51 36 82 86 77 9,349 9,560 9,179 404 321 162 Source: Royal mail financial repots Royal Mail HR Approach and Strategies: To modernize the organization and create world class HR function, McCarthy 11 was appointed as the director in 2003. According to him, there was lack in coherent HR strategy which was characterized by disparate spread of HR professional across the group . The group spent most of its cost on employment. Royal Mail reduced its HR employee strength from 3700 to 2400 and saved 57 million in two years span. There were only few HR specialists and experts in the entire organization. The HR functions were separated and payroll was the only centralization team. Profitability, Modernization, Efficiency and Employee Relationship are the key words for success of any public limited company. Developing the good HR frame work and strategy are vital for the public limited organization like Royal Mail to sustain in the today s globalized competitive postal market. Due to the advancement in the technologies, communication industry changed quickly. Internet, fax and other electronic options are dominating the traditional letters. Managing the huge work force and trade union royal are the challenging task for Royal Mail, in particular to the HR Managers. With strong HR strategic plans and polices, Royal Mail can handle their workforce effectively. Royal Mail HR Metrics: 11Royal Mail HR director(2005), http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2005/01/25 . People Strategies . Organizational Development . Shared Services The main goal of the HR team is to build strong HR strategies and polices to manage and retain the human resources. It includes Recruitment and Selection, Learning, Career development, Rewards and Recognition. Organizational Development and effectiveness are the main objectives to provide the zero tolerance work place and working closely with the business partners and HR directors. The training team conducts the leadership, personal and career development programs to improve the leadership qualities and other work related trainings. Royal Mail s people strategy key areas: . Creating meaningful, challenging jobs with flexible working structure; . Treating customers with value and respect; . Building the organization to improve and respond according to the changes in the market and environment; . Recruiting and developing the core potentialities to prosper in the open competitive market; . Recruiting and developing the leadership capabilities to deliver the goals and to retain the talent to contend successfully. Royal Mail HR Practices: Recruitment and Selection: Royal mail follows equal opportunity as an employer. Employment practices are based on regardless of age, sex, disability, race, color, religion, and sexual orientation. Royal Mail employs diverse mix of people who reflect the communities where we live and work. At Royal mail, selection and recruitment goes on for both the experienced professionals and fresh graduates. Different type of jobs are available; permanent, part-time, apprenticeship, and seasonal (Christmas) jobs. Training and Development: Royal Mail believes in training and development. So, the training team organizes various training programs for their employees which includes from starting induction training to the customized individual training suits12 through the on job training, mentoring, e- learning, and coaching. Major training programs provided by Royal Mail are 12 http://www.royalmail.com/portal/rm/content1?catId=24400706mediaId=24400710 . Information Technology . Health Safety . Communication Skills . Performance Management . Project Management . Leadership Skills The group also has self learning centers where employees can utilize different packages according to their needs, and Royal Mail is having partnership and link with different local institutes to improve the skills of their employees; with various external trainings. Compensation and Benefits: Royal Mail offers compensation package based on the employees skills and experience. To attract the skilled employees, Royal Mail offers good compensation package based on the type of the employment status like full time or part time, and Permanent or contract. Royal Mail offers the following benefits to all the employees based on their employment type.13 13 http://www.royalmail.com/portal/rm/content1?catId=24500655mediaId=16000174 14 http://www.ocp.co.uk/_Attachments/Re http://www.ocp.co.uk/_Attachments/Resources . Health and Welfare . Holiday Entitlement . Basic pay/allowance . Pension . Time Out . Benefits /discounts/ ongoing discounts . Support for Disabled Applicants Performance Management: Performance Management is an effective method to analyze the employees potential and capabilities, if it is properly implemented. Measuring the performance of the employee is an indicator of the success of the organization. Royal mail introduces new performance management practices14. The objectives of the programs were to: 1.introduce a set of common validated numerical indicators which had been standardized for similar units/businesses. 2. Apply the Pareto principle and exception reporting. 3. Create a focus on looking forward, forecasting improvements (rather than a backward-looking blame culture) . Work life Balance (Flexible working): Royal Mail is offering the flexible working option. This includes where employees are allowed to work from home for their personal commitments, leaving early for the child care and compensating the time as per the business needs. It generally gives moral support to the employees and the best way to recruit and retain the talent resources which in turn improve the productivity. Corporate Social Responsibility: Royal Mail strongly believes in serving to society. Royal Mail and its employees play important role in serving to the community. Royal Mail s ambition is to become the leading organization in corporate responsibility is a priority of our Chief Executive and every one of our Managing Directors . Employees also fund to the good cause via their payroll regularly. Royal Mail also takes part in controlling the climate change using renewable source electricity to make the environment green. It raised 1.8 million15 via charitable donations in 2009. As a leader in corporate social responsibility initiatives, the group won the following awards in the last two years. BITC Example of Excellence (Healthy Workplace Award) 2009 Shortlisted for Personnel Today Awards2009 Award for Health at Work Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Awards 2009 Gold Award, Safety Institute of Fundraising Awards 2008 Winner, Best Use of Payroll Giving Award Winner Quality in Print Media Environmental Award, Quality in Print Awards 2008 . Findings and Suggestions: 15 ww.royalmailgroup.com/portal/rmg/content1 . Prioritizing the HR strategy according to the key business goals and objectives. . Identifying the challenges and opportunities to moving ahead. . Develop and define the HR strategy backed by strong analysis with good HR metrics. . Reviewing the defined strategies and approaches with stake holders and business partners. . Finalize the HR polices and strategies. . Building the right-sized productive work force to achieve the business goals. . Automate and standardize the mail process with modern technologies and equipments to compete in the business market with skilled and efficiency workforce where the market and environment is changing rapidly. . Analyzing the data with help of employee and customer satisfaction survey, opinion pool and feedback data. Understanding the external market environment and competitor strategies is important while framing the HR policy. HR metrics will vary with each organization depending upon their vision and mission statements. Metrics should be cover the organization goals, rather than following the best industry practice. Stakeholders and business partners should be engaged while framing the strategy, to make the strategy effective. Conclusion: Due to the advancement in digital technologies and internet, the postal industry and market is changing quickly. Mailing market is declining and online shopping and other commercial activities through internet are growing speedily. So, Royal Mail has to modernize and restructure their business strategies to survive in the liberalized competitive market place. As many studies, research, and survives demonstrated the strong relationship between the good HR strategic policy and the business performance. So, Royal Mail has to develop the strong HR policies and strategies to streamline the HR practice to achieve the organizational objectives and goals. Implementing the effective HR strategies in public organization like Royal Mail is very challenging task for HR mangers and, where trade union and pension problems are widening year by year. The strong determination from the HR mangers, top management, regulatory bodies, and the government can help the Royal Mail to implement the HR and business strategies to shape the UK postal industry and economy and in particularly in the current economic crisis condition where unemployment is already in peak.

Abortion is Unethical Essay -- The Right to Life, Pro-Life Essays

Abortion is Unethical The Center for Bioethical Reform states that on lifetime average there will be one abortion per woman in the world. This makes abortion a very relative point of ethical discussion. According to the World Resources Institute there are about 3,155,945 females world-wide, and if you used crude mathematics to make a rough estimate you would have potentially 3,155,945 lost lives. We can no longer ignore an issue with such impact. I believe that abortion is an unethical act and should not be an option to anyone. Â   One could say that an abortion should be legal because the developing fetus is part of the female and she should be able to do with her body what she likes, but this is not so. The fetus is not part of her body, it is inside her body. Since the fetus is made from a combination of the male’s and the female’s DNA it has an entirely different chemical make up than that of the female in which it dwells. The human developing inside the female was made from a chromosome of both the male and the female making it not entirely the female and not entirely the male. Also due to chromosomal mutations the DNA could vary even more. Therefore, a completely different chemical make up is being developed inside the female and we now have one organism inside of another. Thus making the argument mute, the fetus has a different make-up of DNA and is therefore a different organism. Â   Another fallacy of abortion is that sometimes it can be used to save the life of the mother. This situation just does not happen. Dr. C. Everett Koop, former Surgeon General stated that he was never aware or a single situation in which a pre-born child’s life had to be taken in order to save the life of the mother. Less than 3% of women, ... ...They according to this argument are not alive. Many other arguments rely on false situations and often do not think their ethics though. It is my hope that people would consider their ethics before performing such an act or even something that would lead up to it. I hope that people would seek out information and knowledge on something with such great repercussions. Â   In conclusion, the reasons for abortion are most often unethical, the result of misconceptions about genetic make-up, hypothetical situations, not being ready to foster a child but ready to make one, and an unethical option to choose. Just like many other laws are in place to protect others so other abortion laws should be in place. Abortion should not be legal just as rape and theft should not be legal. Even if a law is not passed to stop abortion people should become more educated on the subject. Â  

An Overview of the Societal Causes of White-Collar Crime Essay

One of the three sociological theories of the causes of white collar crime as identified in the book Profit Without Honor is the   societal causes. The American culture believes that to be successful you must have money, lots of money. Success is based solely upon materialistic items such as luxurious homes, nice cars, boats, etc. Therefore, we are basically raised to be greedy. So when individuals engage in white-collar crime, though they are breaking the law, they are often conforming to cultural values-such as the accumulation of wealth (Rosoff, Pontell, & Tillman 126).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Societal causes also includes an individual’s desire to own material things like money, authority and other privileges. When one becomes financially stable, he/she will think that people in the society will look up to him with great admiration. In the United States, majority of people aims to achieve the American dream. This gives out a sense of belongingness and boost one’s confidence even more.   Some white-collar crimes are committed as a result of the pressure to meet self-defined or externally imposed standards of successful performances (Rosoff, Pontell, & Tillman 120-121).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are social pressures and unexpected events that causes white collar crime. Violent encounters and criminal cases encourages one to seek for more ways of gaining money in order to support their needs in seeking for fair justice. Loss of financial resources will lead them to consult employees who have more access in the company’s accounting. Negative experiences associated with people who dominates over other inside company premises produces white collar criminals. This is because their bad experiences are not properly addressed and at the same time the person who abuses and bullies them remains upright and in stable position. Misunderstanding between employee and supervisor is a good example of this scenario. Low wages also cause social inferiority to employees making them rebel against the company and eventually do white collar crime as a revenge (Conklin 86-87).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The social environment of companies appears to breed white collar criminals, generally because the atmosphere and the people who promotes it. The market place is extremely competitive and when businesses can not compete legally, they may do so illegally through co-workers influence. The greed of several key players at any organization can cause the entire corporation to fail (Conklin 86-87).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Societal causes of white collar crime is so easy to determine. White collar criminals are once, victims too. They are one of those endangered employees, patients who are not capable of paying hospital bills, underpaid workers and anything that incorporates society and culture. Societal causes are also caused by trading scandals inside institutions which definitely loosen the faith of the in the nation’s economy (Rosoff, Pontell, & Tillman 226).   Criminals are more likely to commit white collar crime as their means of fighting for total equality and democracy. Works Cited: Conklin, John E. Criminology. 2nd ed. New York: MacMillan, 1986 Rosoff, Stephen M., Henry N. Pontell, and Robert H. Tillman. Profit Without Honor: White- Collar Crime and the Looting of America. (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Publishing, 2007.

Women and Political Life

Women and Political Life Introduction Historically, women have been on the wrong side with fewer political and legal rights as compared to men. Even in career opportunities, women have failed to secure high positions due to male dominance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women and Political Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is as if these women still live in the colonial world. However, as compared to the colonial woman, today’s woman has achieved significantly rights that they never had or participated. Traditionally, the society viewed women as people with low intellectual power and weak to perform muscular tasks. They therefore subjected them to motherhood and wifehood. Nonetheless, the dawn of the 20th century saw women assume some roles that men described superior to women. In fact, during the colonial times, women could note even vote to elect a leader. Voting was a prerogative of men. Some nations prohibited wom en from schooling and instead, assigned them household cores. Since the dawn of the 20th century, women in some nations gained their right to vote, started attending schools and colleges to get education and some even acquired big jobs including political seats. This did not happen just by chance. Women had to fight in order to gain such rights. It was not easy to change a society deeply rooted in traditionalism and traditions that segregated women to accept ‘feminization’. In order to gain political and legal rights, women had to convince the society to reevaluate its traditional views on women. The current society not only views women as a creative foundation of human life, but also, equal with men. In the past, the society considered women intellectually inferior compared to male. In addition, the society that mainly constituted male dominance considered women as the spring of evil and enticement. For instance, in the ancient Greek mythology, a female by the name Pan dora, opened the forbidden box and from there came despondency and plagues that continues to invade human beings even up to today. On the other hand, in the Roman world, the society enacted laws that portrayed men as children, perpetually lesser to men. Surprisingly, even the then theological teachings condemned women as a spring of all evil and wickedness (DinKin, 1995, pp. 1-12). For example, St. Jerome who served Christian Church as a Father in the fourth century wrote that women were like the gateway of the fiend, the conduit of impiety, serpent’s sting, and overall, a dangerous object. Other theologians also had their own way of describing women. Thomas Aquinas in one of his theological sermons said that God created women to act as assistants to men, and that their main role was to conceive.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He went further to say that if me n needed assistance, only other men will assist them. In Asia and particularly in the Middle East, the society was fair towards women. In countries like India, women had the right to own property and exercise other freedoms. However, after 500 BC, Hinduism evolved and set out new dimensions regarding women. According to Hinduism, women had to respect men and always be obedient towards men. In addition, the religion prohibited women from walking in front of men. Moreover, the religion disallowed women from owning property and prohibited widows from remarrying. In general, the society valued a male child more than a female child. The paper examines the roles of women during colonial times. Further, the paper will examine how the roles of a colonial woman have changed to fit the modern environment. In the past, women participated in roles different from the contemporary. The paper will analyze the past and present roles of women and as to whether these roles befit women. Even with the changed roles, women still face enormous challenges. Yes, it is true there are opportunities for women all over the world, but the society continues to delegate minor responsibilities to women. History has shown that if societies grant women personal and intellectual freedoms, women can achieve great things. For example, history portrays women as hardworking when it comes to political and legal matters aimed at changing the society that all of us live in. in the Middle Ages, women who participated in church activities as nuns, performed imperative roles that later shaped religion in Europe. The aristocratic women performed vital societal roles emanating from the reputation and authority they had. From one era to another, women rulers influenced generations towards achieving success. For example, women rulers like Queen Elizabeth who ruled England in the 16th century remains an icon even up to today. On the other hand, the political lives of Catherine the Great of Russia and Victoria of England remain great inspiration to women around the world who aspire to be political leaders (Elaine, 2005, pp. 13-41). Role of Colonial Women in Political Life During the colonial period, women had few roles to participate. This is because the society did not value women much and instead, it delegated household responsibilities to women. These and many other legal injunctions ensured women never participated politics and other public sphere cores. However, during American Revolution, perceptions about women started changing slowly. Women had to fight to have a say in political life and other freedoms. In United States, men dominated the public space of both politics and occupation. Thus, women had to fight in order to join their male counterparts in political life. They instigated liberation fronts to demand the denied freedoms. Little they know that the struggle had to take more time than expected. Nevertheless, they never got discouraged easily but instead, increased their d etermination and strength to achieve the denied freedoms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women and Political Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although they did not achieve all of their rights, women assumed new responsibility termed â€Å"Republican Motherhood† that improved their accessibility towards educational prospects and gave them a chance to take part in public roles. Ironically, women did not achieve full lawful egalitarianism and voting citizenship (Compton New Media Incorporation, 1995, p.1). In America, there were three types of women with different roles. These included African, Native Indians and Europeans. These women had specific roles that they performed within their societies. In most cases, these roles were traditional in nature. For example, preparing meals was the role of women. Women also wove clothes, took care of children and taught them how to be good citizens. When col onial masters entered America, they got appalled with the way women performed these household chores. They especially goy mesmerized with the manner in which women stayed around homesteads raising children, doing artistry works, cultivating farms. Men engaged themselves in hunting, building houses and doing fishing. Consequently, the colonies established commercial companies and employed men to work for them. However, with time, the colonial masters wanted to instigate permanency in their mining and tobacco firms. Therefore, they decided to employ women. The roles of women did not change because they got involved in farming for the colonial masters. Life was not easy for them in colonial farms. In fact, some of them even died of diseases, while the few who survived got married to rich men (Brown, 1996, pp.70-82). Women never participated in politics but helped men in making political rights. The fact that women never voted is a surety that women were mere creatures in political deci sion-making. In fact, the society required women to get married before they reach 25. Any woman who was not married above this age became a social misfit. Surprisingly, as soon as they got married, the laws considered them dead. It is this particular law that prohibited them from participating in politics and instead delegated them household chores. Moreover, women had no control over family earnings, land or property acquisition and never appeared in legal courts to give evidence. These curtailments became obstacles for women to participate in politics. Thus, their political life was doomed and reduced to hearsay rather than actively participating in it (Kamensky, 1995, p. 41-43). Changed Roles Women have fought tirelessly to gain political status. For example, since 1920, American women participate in election through voting. Nevertheless, they still have long way to go as their political roles are quite minimal.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, up to today, no woman has served United States presidency. In United States, women serve in senate and governor posts. Until recently, Hillary Clinton, the wife of former President Bill Clinton, served as the senator of New York. She is currently the chief diplomat of United States serving as the Secretary of State in Obama Administration. In Africa, the president of Liberia is a woman while is Asia, the sitting president of Philippine is a woman. Today, most nations allow women to elect their leaders and women have the right to vie to vie for political seats. Thus, the contemporary woman has the role of electing leaders she wishes. Major constitutional amendments all over the world have awarded women parliamentary seats and in some governments, women get automatic percentage of seats to serve either in the public service or in politics. Today, women have the right to own and inherit property (Eileen, 2009, pp. 8-43). Historical versus Contemporary Roles of Women The hi storical women engaged themselves in household chores leaving prestigious roles to men. This is because the society considered women inferior to men in all spheres of life. For instance, in past, women could not participate in politics, practice medicine, preach or become lawyers leave alone appearing in court to give evidence. However, with long struggles coupled with civilization, women now enjoy varied positions in politics, medicine, teaching, writing, teaching and many more. It is important to note that the political gear termed â€Å"feminization† contributed greatly during the women movement in America and Europe. They instigated reforms that saw men change their attitudes towards women. In the colonial era, the societies disallowed women from schooling. As a result, many women did not know how to read and write. At a snail’s pace, major political reforms in many countries for example, United States saw acceptance of girl child education. In 18th century, women could acquire professional education but limited to medicine. The few medical schools present trained women on obstetrics only. However, a century later, women started training in other medical field like nursing. Research done in 1890 showed that about five percent of doctors in United States were women ninety years later, the percentage increased to 17 percent. (Compton New Media Incorporation, 1995, p.1) In the past, women could not even give evidence in court. However, this has changed where women can now take law as a profession, previously regarded as a man’s job. Statistics reveal that by 1989, there were as many as 22 percent women lawyers and judges. In addition, women serve in other professions like engineering previously dominated by men. However, there is still a challenge as women regard themselves inferior to men. That has seen many women take simple careers like teaching art subjects leaving science and engineering fields to men. Research shows that there are m any women working as elementary school teachers than other levels of learning like high schools, colleges and universities. The few who teach colleges and universities handle disciplines like home economics, sociology, art subjects and nursing. In other positions of work, women serve as less involving positions like secretarial, bookkeeping, typing and other service jobs that do not require much energy. During the Second World War, women had the opportunity to serve in the Army just like their male counterparts but as secretaries, nurses and typists. However, they contributed significantly in the war through resisting underground movements. In other countries like Israel, women are almost equal with men where both male and female recruited in the force participate in full combat training. Thus, it is clear women can perform chores initially preserved for men. Unlike in the past where women only performed household chores and farming, the contemporary woman can do diverse jobs includ ing working as a civil servant or serving people in politically. In United States alone, women constitute about 45 percent of working Americans. Unlike in the past, women are now assuming managerial positions ranging from managers to head of private and government institutions. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 saw women start earning the same salary like their male counterparts. Thus, women are now in a position to own property. With money, women can engage in active politics and compete with their male counterparts for political seats. Despite these major changes, the contemporary woman still participates in historical roles performed previously by the colonial women. For example, the contemporary society still believes that women should perform household tasks like washing, cleaning and cooking. It is quite hard to find a man involving himself in any of these tasks. Research indicates that majority of women perform household cores in addition to raising children. Nevertheless, some men a re now involving themselves in these activities especially in homes where both the husband and wife work as employees. Challenges facing women Poverty Poverty remains an issue affecting most households. In most cases, women from poor backgrounds lead a poor political life. Many of them do not participate in choosing their leaders. Poverty-stricken women are prone to human rights violation. Many of them do not have accessibility to basic needs and clean water. These are many other inadequacies violate women’s human rights. In some countries, women fail to secure employment due to sex discrimination. They end up leading a poor life. In some situations, women receive less pay as compared to men. Traditional practices that prevent women from inheriting property and land remain a major challenge to women ailing from uncivilized communities. If the society denies women right to education, those women will remain ignorant and live a wretched life. Institutions and Electoral Laws In many countries, institutional and electoral laws prevent men from participating fully in the political arena. These laws contain some element of exclusion that locks out women from exploiting their political ambitions. For example, in Europe, the uninominal voting system has prevented women from acquiring political seats as many view it as an acme of individualizing the process of competition. The system supports famous women who might be holding other constitutional offices hence making them double office holders. Such scenario becomes detrimental to the ordinary women, as it tends to maintain the political class through feminization. This feminization enters government level and showers it with oligarchic manners to continue developing self-replicating elites (Council of Europe, 2003, pp. 23-26). Opportunities for women Gender Equality Once imposed, gender equality will earmark a new era in the political lives of women, as they will favorably compete with their male counterparts m inus favoritism. For a long period, politics has been the preserve of men. However, women can use their numbers and trespass this perception. Gender equality break fundamentalism of any kind, discard male superiority and promote competition. In addition, countries that have successfully imposed gender equality have empowered women and instilled gender hierarchy in their system of governance. Parity Democracy This great opportunity will make women shine politically if fully adopted. Under parity democracy, both women and men represent a certain institution. Some researchers call it a mechanism of rethinking democracy even as people continue to deliberate on it. Parity democracy leads to social partnership between male and female hence forming a social contrast. Where there is democracy, women do not exist on paper, but they actively participate in politics to promote democratic edifice (Council of Europe, 2003, p. 23). Reference List Brown, M. (1996). Good Wives, Nasty Wenches Anxio us Patriarchs.   The University of North Carolina Press. Compton New Media Incorporation. (1995). Women’s History in America. Retrieved from wic.org/misc/history.htm Council of Europe. (2003).The Participation of Young Women in Political Life. Strasbourg: European Youth Centre. DinKin, R. (1995). Before Equal Suffrage: Women in Partisan Politics from Colonial  Times to 1920. Westport: Greenwood Press. Eileen, M. (2009). The Motherless State: Womens Political Leadership and American  Democracy. University of Chicago Press Elaine, C. (2005). Elite Women in English Political Life c.1754-1790. Oxford University Press. Kamensky, J. (1995).  The Colonial Mosaic 1600-1760.   Oxford: Oxford University Press.