Marketing strategies of state bank of India Essay

2. 2 CHAPTER- 1 COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY OVERVIEW:- State Bank of India (SBI) is a multinational banking and financial services company based in India. It is a government-owned corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of December 2013, it had assets of US$388 billion and 17,000 branches, including 190 foreign offices, making it the largest banking and financial services company in India by assets. State Bank of India is one of the Big Four banks of India, along with ICICI Bank, Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda. The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent. Bank of Madras merged into the other two presidencies banks—Bank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombay—to form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India. Government of India owned the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, 3. 3 with Reserve Bank of India taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India. In 2008, the government took over the stake held by the  Reserve Bank of India. History of SBI:- The roots of the State Bank of India lie in the first decade of the 19th century, when the Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank of Bengal was one of three Presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843). All three Presidency banks were incorporated as joint and were the result of royal charters. These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency till 1861 when, with the Paper Currency Act, the right was taken over by the Government of India. The Presidency banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the re-organized banking entity took as its name Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India remained a joint stock company but without Government participation. Seal of Imperial Bank of India 4. 4 Pursuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act of 1955, the Reserve Bank of India, which is India’s central bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India. On 1 July 1955, the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. In 2008, the government of India acquired the Reserve Bank of India’s stake in SBI so as to remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the country’s banking regulatory authority. In 1959, the government passed the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, which made eight state banks associates of SBI. A process of consolidation began on 13 September 2008, when the State Bank of Saurashtra merged with SBI. SBI has acquired local banks in rescues. The first was the Bank of Behar (est. 1911), which SBI acquired in 1969, together with its 28 branches. The next year SBI acquired National Bank of Lahore (est. 1942), which had 24 branches. Five years later, in 1975, SBI acquired Krishnaram Baldeo Ba nk, which had been established in 1916 in Gwalior State, under the patronage of Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia. The bank had been the Dukan Pichadi, a small moneylender, owned by the Maharaja. The new bank’s first manager was Jall N. Broacha, a Parsi. In 1985, SBI acquired the Bank of Cochin in Kerala.

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain juxtaposes Huck’s adventurous and liberating journey along with Jim on the raft down the river Mississippi with the corrupt life that allows unconscious acceptance to the values of society on the shore. The novel unfolds Huck’s inner mind and records his learning and moral development as he encounters morally corrupt and crooked people on his journey to freedom. The novel contrasts between the constricting life on the shore and the freedom offered by the journey on the river.   Though Huck’s raft follows the river towards its downward journey, he goes against the stream in his life learning on his own the hard realities of life. Huck finds the two wealthy sisters Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, who adopt him, as the true representatives of the society that is based on hypocritical religious and ethical values. Though Widow Douglas is more patient and gentle towards Huck, he finds her care and concern quite restrictive. When she puts him in new clothes he could do nothing but feel cramped sweating a lot. He does not find any meaning in prayer before the dinner and in the stories of Moses and the Bulrushers who were dead long time ago. Though the life in the care of Widow Douglas is decent and dignified, cozy and comfortable, Huck does not like it much. He feels his old ways of living are the best. Living in a house and sleeping in a bed pulled on me pretty tight mostly, but before the cold weather I used to slide out and sleep in the woods sometimes, and so that was a rest to me. I liked the old ways Best. (Twain 13) He finds Miss Watson’s attempts to ‘sivilize’ him most annoying. For him, she is the best example of severe and unforgiving laws of Christian life which are against his individual freedom. He feels â€Å"Miss Watson she kept pecking at me, and it got tiresome and lonesome†.   He is so vexed with the ways of living under the care of Miss Watson that he feels one night quite depressed and feels â€Å"I felt so lonesome I most wished I was dead.†   (Twain 5) When Miss Watson insists that he should pray he can not find any reason to pray when his prayers are not answered by God. When he asks her to try for him she calls him a fool. Huck tries several times in his own way asking God for the things he wanted, but he could not find any response from God. He finds it quite impractical. He does not find any advantage for him in praying for others as told by Widow. He finds a lot of difference between Widow and Miss Watson who both pray and teach the same things to him about Providence. The following lines best illustrate his understanding of his two guardians who differ a lot in their attitude. I judged I could see that there was two Providences, and a poor chap would stand considerable show with the widow’s Providence, but if Miss Watson’s got him there warn’t no help for him any more. (Twain 11) Huck’s father, Pap, an incorrigible wreck with his disgusting and ghostlike appearance in tattered clothes, represents the generally debased white society and the failed family. Pap, who is always after the money earned by Huck, feels jealous of his son’s education when his son is living with Widow Douglas and going to school. He not only kidnaps his son but also virtually imprisons him in a cabin in the woods and beats him completely drunk. In fact, he proves dangerous and provides the immediate and most potent cause for Huck’s escape from the society on the shore. On the contrary, he finds a trusting and caring surrogate father in Jim who accompanies him in his escape from the shore. Jim, a runaway slave from the house of Miss Watson, stands for strong family relationship, nobility and loyalty. He takes the extreme step of running away from Miss Watson’s house as he suspects he would be sold for another master which will eventually separate him from his family. Though he seems superstitious and ignorant, he is an intelligent man with a deep understanding of human life. Jim he was right; he was most always right; he had an uncommon level head for a nigger. (Twain 55). There is a strong bond of friendship and understanding between Huck and Jim on the raft. Both are desperately in need of protecting themselves from the selfish people in the society. The raft on the river Mississippi provides them an opportunity to save their lives. It offers them the much needed freedom. The following passage aptly conveys their dire need to run away from society. I was powerful glad to get away from the feuds, and so was Jim to get away from the swamp. We said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. (Twain 83) The life on the raft is different in many ways from the life that is found on the shore. The raft provides them not only as escape from the corrupt and selfish people, but also an opportunity to be what they are and to do what they like. It gives them a unique opportunity to explore their true identity and their stand in relation to many things in life. They are closest to their true nature on the raft in the lovely and mighty presence of the river and the woods. It offers them unrestricted and uninhibited freedom. Huck feels happy and liberated on the raft and expresses the same in the following words: It’s lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened. (Twain 84) Twain has brilliantly contrasted the plight of a white boy with that of a slave Jim. The story of the novel revolves around these two characters that are almost in the same boat with similar problems. As luck would have it, they share the same raft in their escape for freedom. Huck finds Jim’s presence on the raft comforting and supportive as Jim is practical, intelligent and trustworthy though, at times, he seems sentimental. Jim not only cooks food for Huck but also protects him from dangers. Jim’s acts of selflessness and his longing to meet his family have left an indelible impression on Huck. Huck is very determined till the end to save Jim and to get him free. However, the life on the raft is not without its share of dangers and threats. Huck and Jim get separated when their raft is hit by a steamer in the river. Huck’s encounter with the family of Grangerfords exposes him to pretentious importance that people attach to their family’s honor or prestige. Huck suspects behind the kindhearted and gentle people in the family, there is an unreasonable feud between them and the Shepherdsons. It makes no sense to Huck. Many of the people belonging to these families die in a bitter gun fight from which Huck luckily escapes. After facing many challenging situations Huck and Jim once again continue their journey on the raft further towards the south. The two con artists who ask for help and seek refuge on the raft prove dangerous to Huck in the end. The two con artists involve in various crimes at times claiming to be the descendants of royal family and sometimes, pretending to be great actors and evangelists. They once again remind the crookedness of the people in the society on the shore. The raft has proved an excellent place to enjoy the perfect freedom and bliss without any interference. Though Jim is there with him all the time, he is silent and provided a good company with his accommodating nature. Huck enjoys Jim’s company and the journey most. He expresses his happiness saying, It was kind of solemn, drifting down the big, still river, laying on our backs looking up at the stars, and we didn’t ever feel like talking loud, and it warn’t often that we laughed — only a little kind of a low chuckle. (Twain 47) The long journey on the raft has provided Huck with many opportunities to learn new things and develop his own logic. Every challenge he faces presents him with an opportunity to think about it deeply and to come to a conclusion which he feels right. His association with Jim on the raft has given him opportunity to think clearly and form his own opinion without any interference. He prefers to follow his own instinct and logic than to accept the unquestioned conventions of the society.   Huck’s determination to save Jim when he is caught demonstrates his maturity and broadness of understanding. Huck has to undergo an internal struggle to overcome some of the notions that have been ingrained in him by the society. Every time Huck faces a problem he applies his mind and comes out with a decision what he feels right, though it might look wrong and offending to the white community. He takes help from Tom Sawyer in rescuing Jim finally. Huck loses his faith in the society that has failed to protect him. Though the Widow tried her best to give him what he has missed, it has proved imperfect to mould him. His growing distance from the society makes him skeptical about it. His natural intelligence and his ability to think through a situation have enabled him to form his own right conclusions. Thus, he creates his own rules and develops his character throughout the journey. Twain depicts the society around Huck with people who are degraded in their values. The actions of these people defy logic and commonsense. For example, when the judge allows Pap, the wreck and disgusting drunkard, to keep custody of Huck, he gives more importance to the right of ownership than to the welfare of the innocent boy. It clearly depicts the social system that has fallen in its moral standing. It highlights the white man’s rights over his property whether it is a slave or a son. The Mississippi River plays the most important role in the novel providing freedom and refreshing experience to Huck and Jim who are in their quest for freedom. They travel from their home town St. Petersburg, Missouri, north of St. Louis, hundreds of miles into the Deep South.   The odyssey down the river lends the story a mystic element offering contentment to the people who come in search of freedom. The river with its power and grandeur sets a meaningful background to the story that contrasts life on the river with the life on the shore. The river plays the role of liberating influence on the two characters Huck and Jim. It is the only place where they can feel at home though they are on a raft. Huck arrives at the conclusion that the idyllic life, peace and brotherhood of himself and Jim have given him more satisfaction and a sense of freedom and understanding as opposed to the inhumanity, the feud and the degenerated values of society. Thus, it is a journey in search of understanding and freedom leaving behind the so called ‘sivilization’ that destroys innocence and enslaves human beings. In short, Huck’s journey is from unthinking acceptance of received values and knowledge to an independently achieved understanding of what is right. It is journey from boyhood to manhood, from servitude to freedom. T. S. Eliot, the great English poet and critic of the twentieth century who also grew up on the banks of the same river says, â€Å"the river makes the book a great book† It has fired the imagination of the boy Huck and became the only real home for him. Reference Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn < http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/twain/huckfinn.pdf   >

Strategies for Positive Thinking

Much of what we experience in our life depends on what we pay attention to. Every day, some things may go right and some things may go wrong. If we give more attention to the things that go right and dwell on those things, you’ll experience more happiness. 1. Think constructively. For positive thinking to truly make a difference in our life, we must replace negative thoughts as they occur. Most important, however, is the need to get whatever benefits we can out of the negative thought before we erase it from our mind. Instead of ignoring our negative thought and hoping it will go away, ask ourself if the critic inside of us is trying to teach you something valuable. Take note of the lesson, and then quickly discard the negative thought. Replace it with a positive perspective on the same situation. * Whenever we experience negative thinking, we have to ask ourself: â€Å"What else could this mean? † If someone treats us unfairly, it could mean that they don’t like us very much. But it probably means they’re just having a bad day. How can you help? Do you see how this question can change our entire outlook? . Use positive affirmations. Often, when faced with a stressful situation, we resort to a pattern of thinking and behaving that has become a habit. How do we create new habits that support our success instead of sabotaging it? Positive affirmations are the key. * Write out the things we want in life and the qualities we want to possess. Write these statements in the present tense, and use positive language. Repeat these statements to ourselves over and over again. WE have to do this every day, and before long we’ll strongly believe the words of the affirmation we’ve created for ourselves. If a habit of thinking is holding one back, what’s stopping one from creating a new habit? Try this immediately and experience its power for oneself. 3. Smile and be thankful. * Smile and greet everyone we meet warmly. Smiles are contagious, and we’ll instantly begin to feel a difference inside ourself. * Pause throughout the day to think about things that we are grateful for. The more we practice gratitude, the better we’ll feel about life and about ourself. 42. Surround ourself with positive people. Most people who soar to incredible heights of ccomplishment in their lives do so because they surround themselves with positive, encouraging people. It’s hard to have a positive outlook when everyone around us is complaining all the time. * If we surround ourself with people who routinely seek the good inside us, we’ll begin to do the same. Spend less time with negative people and more time with those who speak words of support into our life. If we do, we’ll experience greater power, self-confidence and joy. The negative thoughts of the crit ic inside of us serve a valuable purpose. Things aren’t always rosy, and it’s important to learn from our experiences so that we don’t make the same mistakes. However, we can begin to harness the power of positive thinking today. We will be able to move closer to joy and success we deserve in our life by applying these simple stragegies. †¢Develop optimistic self-talk. †¢Replace negative internal conversations with ourselves. †¢Develop relaxing and meditating techniques. †¢Create friendship patterns with those who give us good feelings. †¢Take small steps to move out of our comfort zone. Accept or decline other peoples’ emotions on our terms. †¢Control our time and don’t let others use it. †¢Create a good physical image for ourselves. First impressions count! †¢Review our existing image and style, find out way for improving it. †¢Don’t spend too much time thinking about what has happened. Past is gone! Don’t lose sleep going over things or re-enact past and future conversations. Live in Present. †¢Find some â€Å"heroes† and identify with them. Collect some best motivational quotes from them to which we can relate. †¢Think about our voice and how we use it. Develop our listening and questioning skills. Be confident in our conversations. †¢Create some titles which helps to increase our self esteem eg â€Å"I am good. † †¢See life as half-full and not half empty. We have to always remember that 99% of what we fear will happen, actually never takes place. †¢Remember our gesture clusters! Posture, handshake and walk. †¢Remember positive behaviors comes from energy. Find our own strategies for developing this. It could be as simple as playing a rousing piece of music to oneself before giving a presentation, attending an interview or having a meeting.

Conclusion of the film Whatever Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conclusion of the film Whatever Works - Essay Example The most important thing in the film is Boris, the leading character of the story, and how his assurance about the truth gets turned upside down. Boris, an expansive atheist with partial disposition to paranoia, seems like a man who is too much skeptic about the world and believes that he knows the way things are. The character of Boris is rather arrogant and extremely negative, although for some reasons he constantly want to fasten his world view to everyone he meets. Thus, thanks to Boris, the main message of the entire movie is quite obvious, because it speaks literally in every movement and dialogue in the film. The nihilistic main character meets a girl who is opposite to him and eventually he expands his world view on her with the difference that he knows the essence of things and she doesn’t realize it. At the very beginning of the story Boris takes the stance that he knows the truth about the word but further circumstances and what they turn into prove to him that thin gs not always work predictably. Notwithstanding that at the end Boris still keeps claiming that he is the only one who sees the entire picture. The interesting thing here is that Boris’ position is rather straight and it is supposed to be changed by all the circumstances and become gentler, still it turns out that he always knew the entire picture, and despite his straight assurance, all the changes actually have fit his world view. Perhaps, the most provocative ting in the movie is the position Boris was trying to prove to everyone. He claims rather nihilistic things about God, he laughs at American values, and hates people (but simultaneously he can’t stand living without them). But with all the new circumstances and changes in Boris’ world, viewers start realizing that the world view is not the most provocative thing in the movie, but life itself is. The movie eventually turns into the art house one,

Conducting training sessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conducting training sessions - Essay Example Task D (printing of handout copies), will only commence after training materials (task B) shall have been developed, hence it depends on task B. At the same time, task E (developing PowerPoint slides) also depends on task B, hence, will only commence after task B is completed. However, task D and E are concurrent since they can take place or commence at the same time. After developing PowerPoint slides (task D), one can go ahead to conduct a practice training session (task F). However, task F cannot be carried out before task D, hence task F is dependent on task D. Lastly, to conduct user training sessions (task G), task C (confirming of arrangement of training facility), task D (printing of handout copies) and task F (conducting practice training sessions) must have been completed. It means therefore that, task G is dependent on task C, task D and task F. The critical path therefore is when the project comes from task A to C to G. this is the longest path that the project can take to a successful completion. It will take a total of 15 days for the training session to come from the start all through to completion. However, the project can take other alternative shorter routes like go through rout 1 and 2 above which take 11 days and 13 days

Marijuana company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marijuana company - Essay Example One of the segmentation variables is the physicians. I choose this segment because physicians have a high knowledge of medical marijuana strain differences, the methods of consumptions, medical uses and the effects and have obviously prescribed medical marijuana to a patient. The second variable is the low income medical marijuana patients both males and females. I chose this variable because this group desire low prices that the company will offer and their expectations for the quality of marijuana are low. The frequency of their treatment is lso high and thus they make bulk purchases. The third variable is the average or above average income medical marijuana patients. These patients expect average to high prices,customer service, quality of marijuana, and strain differences. In addition, they have a high concern for non toxic chemical additives and treatments and the frequency of treatment is also high (Alisha, 2010). On treatment of cancer, medical marijuana is useful in increasing appetite and in reducing nausea related to chemotherapy. Medical marijuana is also good for individuals with epilepsy since it has a psychoactive chemical that inhibits the brain processes known to cause seizures. In addition, smoking marijuana tends to lower pressure in the eye; thus, relieving glaucoma discomfort for at least three hours. Patients suffering from HIV/Aids can use medical marijuana to battle with the effects of the disease. Patients who use medical marijuana gain weight despite their conditions. From trials carried out it is evident that medical marijuana contributes to a decrease in muscle stiffness and symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Constantly, marijuana has been used to reduce acute inflammation in patients (Alisha, 2010). Medical marijuana market is worth 1.3 million dollars with almost half a million-population target. The patients are supposed to buy medical marijuana from approved suppliers, which is

Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Migration - Essay Example The two main movements are involved include immigration and emigration. Immigration would be the movement of individuals into a country. Emigration is the movement of individuals from their home country. The balance between emigration and immigration would be known as net migration and this can be either positive or negative. Positive would be when immigration exceeds emigration and negative would be the reverse of that process. There are various causes for Global woman migration including pull and push factors. Pulls would be things that attract people to other areas. In the case of Asian migration to the United States it would be considered the freedoms allowed, the diversity managed and even the lack of limitations on procreation as would be the case in China. Jobs and weather differences can also cause migration and this has occurred often in certain areas of Asia especially since the tsunami wiped out a majority of the forms of industry throughout the coastal regions of Asia. War in Afghanistan and Bosnia, known as push factors; cause a great number of people to flee to other countries. These women are considered refugees in place of immigrants. (Roopnarine & Gielen, 2005) There are many different influences and consequences relative to migration for anyone that moves from where they originated. Factors that would have to do with migration include the economic growth and development of the country that people are leaving, specifically GDP, the level of domestic development, and finally income and quality of life within the countries. Another two factors include how urbanized an area would be and variations in that consideration along with levels of education that would in fact be available for children across the country of origin in place of isolated areas. Occasionally, the amount of US influence on a country can either adversely or conversely affect the amount of migration. Brunson McKinley, Amanda Klekowski, Von Coppenfels, and Frank Laczko wrote a very interesting piece titled Challenges for the 21st Century in which they spoke of global woman migration as being "an integral part of the world we know today." (Mckinley, Von Koppenfels, and Laczko) They continue to say that migration has changed over the years to become a more transient condition, a temporary condition from country to country usually in regard to seasonal work and as a result of natural catastrophes. The worst portion of this is that illegal migration, undocumented workers from all over the world would have become far more prevalent as has been learned over the years. There have been a few positive aspects in regard to migration including raising the migrants' standard of living and the fact that they do make a contribution to the countries that have labor shortages. There would be equally intrusive negative effects including deterioration of social, political and economic conditions in those countries that are sending immigrants to the US. This is undoubtedly evident as a result of the tsunami, the earthquake and other such terrible natural disasters that have occurred. It is also seen in the war that once consumed Bosnia and also the one that is continuing in Afghanistan. 2. America use to follow a specified mode of ethical and mandatory code of conduct within family like dress code and other such variables but with the emergence of China into the

Listening Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Listening Log - Essay Example Furthermore, it is beautiful to hear a single unaccompanied instrument, which really brings the focus down to the skill of the individual musician and the abilities of the instrument. The second piece is a piano piece entitled Adagio Sostenuto performed by Daniel Barenboim It is by enlarge soft and delicate. The perpetual melody of only three notes bring all of the other elements of the composition into incredibly sharp focus. This piece is also almost entirely in a minor key, underscoring a sad or somewhat mournful attitude. This is an amazing piece that I like quite a lot. One of the things I like about it is its huge amount and variety of textures, and rolling mini climaxes without that show that you can create a peak in music without going overly-loud or increasing tempo overly much. I also like that it is soft and delicate without being in any way tentative, every stroke is done with precision and determination, and even after a moment of hesitancy the stroke comes down in a pow erful way. The next song is the classic â€Å"Smooth Criminal† by the ever-famous (even posthumously) Michael Jackson. Its genre is, strictly speaking, pop. It is incredibly danceable, in a strict and somewhat predictable four-four time. It also has an incredibly catchy and single-able chorus. It incorporates a wide variety of influences, however. There are touches of proto industrial music in the percussion, which sound like they may be clanging on metal pans or the sides of a building. Furthermore, rap has a significant influence on the song, with its tersely spoken-word style narrative, as does funk through a wide use of synth and base. So while this is a pop song through and through, it has a wide variety of influences. This song is a really enjoyable one to listen to for a wide variety of reasons. Firstly, Michael Jackson has an incredibly interesting voice, which he layers and uses to great effect in this song. It also is a great representative of 1980s pop, almost over using synth while somehow being able to pull it off effectively at the last minute. This is a song by Cold Play. It is definitely a pop-rock song, falling into four-four time with emphasis on the two and four, though it interestingly has a base drum on every beat. Unlike many pop-rock songs, this forgoes traditional insturemenation, choosing to augment the classical base-guitar-vocalist-drummer set-up with at least a quartet of string instruments (the cello carries the melody for much of the song, but there are places one can definitely hear a viola and or a violin as well), along with a wide range of non-traditional (for the genre). I am indifferent to this song, because it does some things well but some things poorly. I think the choice of instrumentation is very interesting to listen to, and carry the song very well. The problem, however, is that I do not feel that the lyrics are very evocative, and fail to carry the song properly. The final song is â€Å"Back to Black† b y the gone-all-to-early Amy Winehouse. This is an incredibly interesting songs. By far the most important instrument in this composition is vocals, with Amy Winehouse providing a powerhouse performance. It also has a string section, a drum kit and possibly some horns kicking in the back, which all lead to a very layered and rich sound. This song harkens back to Motown Era R&B, with a heavy influence from soul.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Financial Management - Essay Example This paper aims to explore the importance of managing foreign exchange risks as well as the methods of managing it that most multinational companies employ. Also, by analysing the practices of two companies when it comes to managing foreign exchange risks in line with good academic practices, certain recommendations with regard to risk management practices for a fast-growing listed company in the UK can be proposed in the process. In this age of globalisation, many companies conduct businesses in countries other than their own. With opportunities in new markets come various types of risks—business risks, macro environmental risks, as well as foreign exchange risks (Pattichis et al. 2004). When a company conducts a business outside the country where it is based, the company is said to be exposed to some foreign exchange risks, where the fluctuations in the differences between the home countrys currency and the host countrys currency may result in adverse impacts in the companys income from international operations, as well as its balance sheet. Companies need to protect themselves from these risks; a drastic change in the exchange rate between the home countrys currency and that of the host country can result in significant gains or losses (Nazarboland 2003). Aside from this, those which are otherwise very profitable international ventures of the company, due to fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate, may seem to be a losing business. For companies that have significant foreign direct investments across the globe, in order to assess more accurately the performance of their international subsidiaries, managing the foreign exchange risk is very important (Collier et al. 1990). Also, these differences will have a significant effect on the parent companys reported earnings as well. When companies have investments outside their home countries, these investments are usually exposed to foreign

Does the Way Sherriff Presents Stanhope Encourage You Essay Example for Free

Does the Way Sherriff Presents Stanhope Encourage You Essay The character of Stanhope is introduced by the other characters in the play before he makes his entrance. Hardy is the Captain of another company that is about to leave the front line, and Osborne is Stanhope’s second in command. They both discuss Stanhope’s personality. Stanhope is introduced by these two characters before he comes into the play. This dramatic device is used by R. C Sheriff, is to build up the suspense before his entrance. It makes the audience want to see what Stanhope is actually like. Captain Dennis Stanhope is one of the most important characters in the play. R. C Sheriff uses him to show the struggles and strains of life in the front line. He presents him as a brave character, a character to be admired, however, not all the time. In the play we learn very little of Dennis Stanhopes character as a man, but much more of his character as a soldier. One reason for this is that he is the commander of ‘Infantry Company C’, thus has to appear strong, composed and above all, in charge–all the time. He feels that he must be very dedicated to his work and present a stern but fair front to the rest of the men. It is important for him to do this as he has only been a commander for a year and is relatively young, as he is just 21 years old. Another reason why we see very little of his character as just a man, is that he has been fighting in the war for a long time ‘Nearly three years. He came out straight from school– when he was eighteen’. This has hardened him and he is much more used to the war as an everyday reality, and because of this he has found ways to cope with the stress and horror of war. He uses drink to forget about his life at home and the atrocious war surrounding him. He relies on drink, a lot. He drinks almost all the six bottles of whisky they brought with them in just three days, ‘The last bottle! Why, damn it, we brought six! ’ He is able to admit to his drinking problems and why it is that he drinks so much: ‘If I went up those steps into the front line– without being doped with whisky– Id go mad with fright’. His drinking is no secret, all the men are aware of it and accept it, some of them even joke about it, ‘How is the dear young boy? Drinking like a fish, as usual? ’ I think this makes the audience feel more at ease with Stanhope, as throughout Journey’s End he is a regimented character. The audience realises everyone has weaknesses, even Stanhope, a company-commander. The way Stanhope handles the arrival of Raleigh and his letters shows how much stress he is under. Stanhope is under the impression that Raleigh will write badly of him in his letters to his sister, Madge. He is very wary of Raleigh and is very concerned Raleigh will say bad things about him (as Stanhope and Madge are ‘unofficially engaged’). He doesn’t want him to tell her how ‘He reeks of whisky all day’. He doesn’t think that he’s ‘A damned little swine whod deceive his sister. ’ As a result of this, he decides to censor Raleighs letters. When he eventually gets to read the letter to Madge from Raleigh, he is rather embarrassed to find that the aggravation he has caused was about nothing, and Raleighs letter was solely full of praise for Stanhope. This is definitely a part in the play where there is a comprehension needed for the audience’s liking of Stanhope. â€Å"But I tell you – there’s nothing – Dennis – I’m –† (Raleigh), Stanhope’s response is certainly not sympathetic: â€Å"Don’t ‘Dennis’ me! Stanhope’s my name! You’re not at school! Go and inspect your rifles! † However there is another aspect to at it from, this showing of temper doesn’t necessarily make the audience think any less of Stanhope. It can make him seem more human, not everyone’s always perfect. We can understand why he has done this to an extent because of the enormous amount of stress he is under. After Osborne reads those letters, Stanhope appears to be very remorseful – he lowers his head, pauses, murmurs, finally walking off – hastily. This letter is an insight to what the men really think of him. ‘Then I went on duty in the front line and a sergeant told me all about Dennis. He said that Dennis is the finest officer in the battalion and the men simply love him. ’ Bear in mind there are roughly one-thousand two-hundred soldiers in a battalion and for Stanhope to be considered the best; this really shows Stanhope’s character. He’s not just hero-worshiped by Raleigh; he’s hero-worshiped by most of his men. He then writes, ‘He hardly ever sleeps in the dug-out; he’s always up in the front line with the men, cheering them on with jokes, and making them keen about things, like he did the kids at school. ’ This letter conveys nothing, but good about Stanhope. It portrays him as a determined, supportive, and sympathetic character – I don’t think that can be taken away from him. I think R. C Sheriff has done a superb job at making Captain Stanhope a character to be admired; he uses both subtle and powerful devices to make it clear what Stanhope is like and he is clearly an admirable character. There are possibly some parts of this play which could change one’s attitude toward Stanhope, but mainly due to him drinking. His drinking habits are to blame. But his personality never changes. He’ll always stay determined, disciplined and supportive of his men. To conclude, I think R. C Sherriff has used to Stanhope to show the struggles and strains of life in the front line. He presents him as a brave character, a character to be admired – a true war hero!

Effects of Health Inequalities on Infant Mortality

Effects of Health Inequalities on Infant Mortality Health and social policy assignment Introduction Longest (2002), the Health Policy Institute Director at the University of Pittsburgh in the United States, states that †Public policies are authoritative decisions made at the legislative, executive or judicial branches of government †¦ (which are) †¦ intended to direct or influence the action, behaviors, or decisions of others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He continues, â€Å"When public policies pertain to or influence our pursuit of health †¦ then †¦ they become health policies.† (Longest, 2002). Longest vision of health policy is seen in United Kingdom as well as Europe in the same manner as â€Å"†¦ view of public health activism that sees little distinction between health policy and public policy as a whole† (Randall, 2000, p. 8). Petersen and Lupton (1996, p. xii) describe the new public health as â€Å"†¦ at its core a moral enterprise, in that it involves prescriptions about how we should live our lives individually and collectively†, which represent an approach that is much like Monnet’s plans for Europe (Fontaine, 1994, p. 12), which explains the European health policy as it exists today. As a unitary state, the United Kingdom’s central government directs most activity representing government functions. Social policy applies to those policies that governments utilize for welfare as well as social protection, the manner and ways via which welfare is devised and developed, and the academic study of social policy (Robert Gordon University, 2006). Social policy, in its primary sense is concerned with the welfare state and social services, and in its broader context represents the range of issues that extended beyond governmental actions, including the means that welfare is promoted as well as the economic and social conditions shaping its development (Robert Gordon University, 2006). William Beveridge offered the citizens of the United Kingdom â€Å"†¦ a blueprint for social advance and a modern caring state †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which would provide for citizens â€Å"†¦ from cradle to grave† (Randall, 2000, p. 5) which were foundations of the welfare st ate that Britain briefly embarked on after World War II that offered full employment, a minimum national safety net, free and equal access to health and education, and a state provision for welfare. The Beveridge Report aimed at the elimination what was termed the ‘five giants’ of want, ignorance, idleness, squalor and disease, which he believed â€Å"†¦ construed an investment to facilitate a healthier workforce that would be able to promote productivity† (Gormley, 1999, p. 31). Beveridge’s vision helped to serve as the foundation for the later development of the National Health Service. The National Health Service came into being in 1946 by the UK Minister of Health and enacted through the National Health Service Act 1946, the National Health Service â€Å"†¦ was created by a national consensus within Britain† (Rintala, 2003, p. 3). Prior to its creation patients in the United Kingdom generally were responsible for paying for their health care services with free treatment sometimes available at hospital that taught as well as charitiable hospitals (Gormley, 1999, pp. 14 – 21). As a country, the United Kingdom â€Å"†¦ has a long history of offering some form of assistance for the sick, destitute and poverty-stricken† (Gormley, 1999, p. 13). Evidence of the foregoing is found under the National Insurance Act of 1911 a small deduction was taken from wage payments, 4d, that was also aided by employer contributions, 3d, and the government of the UK contributed 2d (Spartacus Educational, 2007). Workers received free medical service as well as being guaranteed a payment of 7s per week for a term of fifteen weeks when unemployed that were paid at Labour Exchanges that also posted notices regarding job vacancies (Spartacus Educational, 2007). Aneurin Bevan is credited as being the architect of the â€Å"†¦ successful implementation of the National Health Service †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as a result of his â€Å"†¦ personal political skills† (Gormley, 1999, p. 36). The NHS today is Britain’s largest employer, and is managed by the Department of Health, controlling the ten Strategic Health Authorities which have the responsibility for overseeing National Health Service activities in specific areas (Bevan, 2006). The Strategic Health Authorities have the responsibility for the strategic supervision of the 302 Primary Care Trusts that oversee the general practioners and dentists, 29,000 and 18,000 respectively, along with the commissioning of acute services from the private sector and other NHS Trusts (Bevan, 2006). The National Health Services Trusts number 290, representing 1,600 hospitals, and also falling under the supervision of the Strategic Health Authorities are the NHS Ambulance Services, Care Trusts and Mental Health Services Trusts (Bevan, 2006). The National Health Services broad and comprehensive program(s) includes Special Health Authorities, Blood and Transplant, Business Services Authority, National Treatment Agency, National Patient Safety Agency as well as the National Insitute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Bevan, 2006). This document shall critically analyse the inequalities in health care services as it relates to infant morality in Northern Ireland. As of 2006, the infant morality rate for all of Ireland stood at 5.3, and in Northern Ireland stood at just under 6 in 2001 (Bureau for Vital Statistics, 2001) which is higher than the 5.1 for the United Kingdom, and a number of other European Countries (infroplease.com, 2007). The problem lies in the infant morality rate for children from the highly deprived areas who are fifty percent more likely to die in their first year than are babies from more affluent areas (BBC News, 2000). This is problematic in light of the provision for equal health care for all as mandated under the United Kingdom’s National Health Service. This examination of the health care system in Northern Ireland shall take into account why the infant morality rates are high as well as whether there are inequalities in the system and if so what they are and why they exist. The reason is to reach a determinatation as to the causes, and reasons for the higher infant morality rate as well as what is being done to reverse the occurance. The figures for infant morality in Northern Ireland have been showing a downward trend, yet the morality rates for infants from deprived areas indicates a mortality rate that is 50% higher than the overall average during the first year (BBC News, 2000). The signifacne of Tables 1 through 4 is to provide a foundational frameowrk from which to make comparisons of underlying reasons and facets attributing to higher infant mortality rates as a factor of inequalities to be discussed utilizing varied class, income, and other correlations. Table 1 – Neonatal Morality in Northern Ireland 1988 – 2003 (dhsspsni.gov.uk. 2004) Table 2 – Post-Neonatal Mortality in Northern Ireland 1988 – 2003 (dhsspsni.gov.uk. 2004) Table 3 – Infant Mortality in Northern Ireland 1988 – 2003 (dhsspsni.gov.uk. 2004) The preceding figures take on increased importance with regard to the nature of this examination when viewed in comparison to figures from other regions. Table 4 – Live Births, Stillbirths and Infant Deaths by Mother’s Country of Birth, 2005 (National Statistics, 2006) These figures represent the Northern Ireland population as a whole. An important facet in this examination is represented by economics. The region has a higher proportion of people that are receiving benefits for being out of work, large numbers who are not working and a larger population of low pay wage earners (Joseph Roundtree Foundation, 2006). In finding conducted by a study it was found that infants of lone mothers as well as those that belong to parents in manual social classes are of the highest risk regarding infant morality (Whitehead and Drever, 1999). They also found that the lives of babies has at the highest risk in lower income groups as tabulated by the numbers of live births, stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal and postnatal deaths for babies in all types of marriage and non-marriage circumstances (Whitehead and Drever, 1999). The ‘Black Report’ in 1980 presented the term ‘inequalities in health’ as a result of it uncovering the gap between the richest and the poorest concerning experiences in illness, life expectancy and accident rates (Unison, 2001). The broader context of inequality in health, which has bearing upon infant mortality rates is comprised of factors associated with access to quality services, along individual as well as group characteristics that can affect and or lead to unequal treatment and discrimination (Unison, 2001). The report by Unison (2001) also identified social and economic factors, broader economic and environmental societal conditions and risk factors that are a part of lower income lifestyles. These aspects directly affect not only the mothers, but also fathers of infants in that their personal health, choices before and during pregnancy may not constitute the best avenues to the development of healthy offspring. In addition the importance of prenat al care, treatments, diet, nutrition, exercise, abstinence from smoking, drinking, drugs and other damaging aspects is higher in the lower socioeconomic groups (Investing for Health, 2006). The report also drew attention to health inequalities as a factor of an individuals social class, gender, ethnic origin, religious beliefs, political opinion, marital status and sexual orientation that area aspects even though these discrimination potentials are addressed in Northern Ireland’s equality and human rights laws (Unison, 2001). The overall effects of the broader consideration, representing age as a facet in infant mortality rates is illustrated in the following Table: Table 5 – Standardised Mortality Rates for People Aged Under 75 (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) 1997 – 2001 1998 2002 The preceding clearly indicates the differences in mortality rates as referred to in the Unison (2001) study, as well as the underlying health / lifestyle aspects of smoking, drinking, nutrition, exercise and allied factors indicated by Investing for Health (2006). The Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2004) report indicated that life expectancy for mean and females in deprived areas represented 72.0 and 77.9 years as compared to the non-deprived males and females of 75.2 and 80.2 years. The preceding also reveals itself in infant mortality rates, as shown by the following: Table 6 – Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) The foregoing clearly indicates the vast differences as uncovered in the Unison (2001) and Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2004) reports where the infant morality rate in deprived areas is a staggering 23% higher. A factor in the overall causes and reasons attributing to higher infant mortality rates is also shown by the higher incidences of teenage pregnancy: Table 7 – Teenage Birth Rates per 1,000 Females Aged 13 – 19 (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) The preceding indicates a 70% deferential in2001, and 71% differential in 2002. Another factor in the higher deprived area infant mortality rates is immunization. Table 8 – Immunisation Uptake Rates, Children born in 1998 (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) Table 9 Immunisation Uptake Rates, Children born in 2001 (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) In seeking to equate the causes and reasons for the higher incidence of infant mortality rates in Northern Ireland as a result of socioeconomic class, and inequalities in health care, the facet of overall general admission rates for non maternity reasons represents a valid area to be explored. The rationale for the preceding is to seek to determine, in a general fashion, if the inequalities in infant mortality rates represents more of a factor of lifestyle, health and personal choices as opposed to inequalities in the health system with regard to treatment, discrimination and related factors that are much harder to prove as well as seeming less likely to be a broader system wide occurrence. Table 10 – Standardised Admission Rates (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) 2001 – 2002 2002 – 2003 From the preceding, the argument that inequalities in health care being available or offered to lower income or deprived individuals as a factor of race, martial status, or other discrimination aspects is not seemingly borne out by the above table. What this table does suggest is that there are increased health factors affecting this segment of the population that are more in keeping with poorer health lifestyle choices, nutrition, smoking, drinking and drugs. Further evidence of the preceding rational is supported by the waiting time for inpatient admissions that does not indicate a bias against lower income groups despite their higher incidence of health services utilization as shown in Table 11. And while the area of reference utilized for this aspect is not within the infant mortality confines, it does provide a general factor that does not seemingly support bias in treatment as a result of income, or social status. Table 11 – Waiting Times for Inpatient Admission Proportion of inpatient elective admission where the patient has waited more that 18 months, or 12 months for cardiac surgery (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) Further illustration that the health care system in Northern Ireland is not seemingly discriminating against individuals with a lower socioeconomic status, and or other facets of discrimination is indicated in the following Table: Table 12 – Median Ambulance Response Times (in minutes) (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) In further analising factors representing potentially inequalities in health care that contribute to higher rates of infant mortality, the following Table indicates that there is a higher incidence of mortality in rural wards, which are more likely to also be lower income: Table 13 – Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births (Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) Further support for the contention that inequalities in infant mortality in Northern Ireland are seemingly more of a product of factors inherent in the lifestyles, living conditions, health choices and educational background of individuals from deprived wards as opposed to the NHS discriminating and or providing a lower quality of care was reported by the BBC (2000) which advised that the Institute of Public Health was holding a conference to examine ways in which the inequalities in health would be addressed, focusing on social circumstances to build more successful partnerships. One of the key aspects mentioned was that a survey found that babies born in deprived wards had a fifty percent higher incidence of death than those born in affluent areas (BBC, 2000). The report also indicated that males in the lower socioeconomic classifications have a higher incidence of dying younger and have higher chronic illnesses than males from managerial and or professional groups (BBC, 2000). The Institute of Public Health in Ireland (2005) in its ongoing concern regarding higher infant mortality rates in deprived wards has stated that poverty and educational levels of parents continues to represent the biggest threat in this area and that an improvement in poverty rates is an important area in reducing infant mortality. The consultation also pointed out that diet, nutrition, understanding of child symptoms and seeking medical assistance at the onset of problems along with better pre and post natal care are factors attributed to higher infant mortality in lower socioeconomic groups. The updated report found that the government of Northern Ireland has not provided core funding to broaden educational outreach programs aimed at educating mothers and families in the lower socioeconomic groups to the symptoms and dangers facing infants. It points to the lack of the preceding as a clear indication that the government does not consider this a priority (Institute of Public Health in Ireland, (2005). The consultation also advised that monitoring with respect to birth outcomes, vaccination rates, infectious diseases, institution and other facets need budgets to enable the health system to perform better follow up on children identified as living in or subject to these aspects to lower infant mortality rates. I t suggests that through increased partnership cooperation this could be obtained, however, that the commitment of addition funds and resources from the government is required in order to cause this to work. Internationally, the World Health Organization (2005) in its 56th Session held in New Caledonia stated that most child deaths could be avoided through the provision for more basic health care and detection, monitoring and follow up of pregnant mothers and newborns. The World Health Organization (2004) advises that to effectively reduce infant mortality, increased monitoring during the first month of life needs to be addressed as approximately 2/3rds of mortality occurs in the first month, with 2/3rd of that figure occurring in the first week. This holds implications for Northern Ireland in that an extended outreach, educational and monitoring program addressing the first month would effectively reduce infant mortality rates. Sweden, Norway and Demark provide an illustrat

The effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction

The effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction A study of this research is on the effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction to CIMB Bank Berhdad. CIMB Bank Berhdad is a bank that CIMB Group is Malaysias second largest financial services provider and one of Southeast Asias leading universal banking groups. Formerly known as Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Berhad, it has been listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia, the nations stock exchange since 1987. As at  20 November 2009, CIMB Group was the third largest company on Bursa Malaysia with a market capitalisation of approximately RM46.6 billion. CIMB Group is also the majority shareholder of Bank CIMB Niaga in Indonesia, and the single largest shareholder of CIMB Thai in Thailand. (CIMB, 2010) CIMB Group offers a full range of financial products and services, covering corporate and investment banking, consumer banking, treasury, insurance and asset management. We operate our business on a dual banking basis through three main brand entities CIMB Bank, CIMB Investment Bank and CIMB Islamic giving customers a choice of both conventional and Islamic solutions. (CIMB, 2010) As a regional universal bank, CIMB Group serves everyone from all walks of life in Malaysia and throughout the region, including large regional corporations, domestic listed companies, entrepreneurial start-ups, high net worth individuals, pensioners and children. With total staff strength of 36,000, the Group reaches 58% of the ASEAN population, representing 80% of ASEANs gross domestic product. Our retail network of 1,150 branches is the largest in the Southeast Asian region. (CIMB, 2010) Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, CIMB Groups main markets are Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore, countries in which we have full universal banking capabilities. Our presence in 11 countries covers South East Asia and major global financial centres, as well as countries with which our South East Asian customers have significant business and investment dealings. (CIMB, 2010) In addition, we extend our regional reach and range of products and services through strategic partnerships. Our partners include the Principal Financial Group, Aviva plc, Allianz Malaysia Berhad, AIA Berhad, Sun Life Financial, Mapletree Capital Management, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Standard Bank plc, Daishin Securities, the Kanoo Group, Malaysia Airlines, International Currency Exchange, EDS, Petronas Dagangan, Proton, Pos Malaysia, 7-11, Singer Malaysia and many more. (CIMB, 2010) Problem Statement This research on CIMB BANK BERHAD is will identify the factor that affects of employee motivation and job satisfaction to CIMB BANK BERHAD. And to further identify the effects of these strategies.   Objectives of the research These objectives are paying attention to the problems and objectives that are selected to clarify the intended information and also be able to derive specific information that are not limited by the previous questions. This study intended to get the suitable data to help in building the proper assessment. This includes:   To determine methods that CIMB BANK BERHAD practice to inspire or motivate their employees. To determine the accomplished strategies by CIMB BANK BERHAD in giving job satisfaction to their employees. To create an appropriate solution for CIMB BANK BERHAD problems.   Scope of the Study The scope of the study is relied on the employees of CIMB BANK BERHAD. This focuses on determine which factors create desirable influence to their employees towards satisfaction. And to know what factors of independent variables that could have the greatest impact on employees satisfaction.-studying the factors that lead to employees loyal with CIMB BANK Significance of the Study   This research was created to comprehend the significant factors of employees fulfillment to enable efficiency, quality, service, and loyalty to CIMB BANK. Definition of Terms   Job Satisfaction Employee Motivation Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Research Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 H1: This study shows that adequate salary or monetary income plays a major role in allowing employees to be satisfied in their jobs. H0: There is no significant relationship between salary and job satisfaction   Hypothesis 2 H1: This study shows that work recognition plays a role to have a sense of importance and motivates employees to work diligently. H0: There is no significant relationship between work recognition and job satisfaction.   Hypothesis 3 H1: This study shows giving professional growth to employees such as trainings, seminars, etc. allows employees to have mental growth which they apply to their daily duties as employees. H0: There is no significant relationship between professional growth to employees creativity and development.     Literary Review Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory Let me rephrase the perennial question this way: How do you install a generator in an employee? A brief review of my motivation-hygiene theory of job attitudes is required before theoretical and practical suggestions can be offered. The theory was first drawn from an examination of events in the lives of engineers and accountants. At least 16 other investigations, using a wide variety of populations (including some in the Communist countries), have since been completed, making the original research one of the most replicated studies in the field of job attitudes. The findings of these studies, along with corroboration from many other investigations using different procedures, suggest that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Since separate factors need to be considered, depending on whether job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction is being examined, it follows that these two fee lings are not opposites of each other. The opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction but, rather, no job satisfaction; and similarly, the opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job dissatisfaction. Stating the concept presents a problem in semantics, for we normally think of satisfaction and dissatisfaction as opposites i.e., what is not satisfying must be dissatisfying, and vice versa. But when it comes to understanding the behavior of people in their jobs, more than a play on words is involved. Two different needs of human beings are involved here. One set of needs can be thought of as stemming from humankinds animal nature the built-in drive to avoid pain from the environment, plus all the learned drives that become conditioned to the basic biological needs. For example, hunger, a basic biological drive, makes it necessary to earn money, and then money becomes a specific drive. The other set of needs relates to that unique human characteristic, the ability to achieve and, through achievement, to experience psychological growth; in the industrial setting, they are the job content. Contrariwise, the stimuli inducing painavoidance behavior are found in the job environment. The growth or motivator factors that are intrinsic to the job are: achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. The dissatisfaction avoidance or hygiene (KITA) factors that are extrinsic to the job include: company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security. A composite of the factors that are involved in causing job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, drawn from samples of 1,685 employees, is shown in the figure Factors Affecting Job Attitudes below. The results indicate that motivators were the primary cause of satisfaction, and hygiene factors the primary cause of unhappiness on the job. The employees, studied in 12 different investigations, included lower level supervisors, professional women, agricultural administrators, men about to retire from management positions, hospital maintenance personnel, manufacturing supervisors, nurses, food handlers, military officers, engineers, scientists, housekeepers, teachers, technicians, female assemblers, accountants, Finnish foremen, and Hungarian engineers. They were asked what job events had occurred in their work that had led to extreme satisfaction or extreme dissatisfaction their part. Their responses are broken down in the exhibit into percentages of total positive job events and of total negative job events. (The figures total more than 100% on both the hygiene and motivators sides because often at least two factors can be attributed to a single event; advancement, for instance, often accompanies assumption of responsibility.) To illustrate, a typical response involving achievement that had a negative effect for the employee was, I was unhappy because I didnt do the job successfully. A typical response in the small number of positive job events in the company policy and administration grouping was, I was happy because the company reorganized the section so that I didnt report any longer to the guy I didnt get along with. As the lower right-hand part of the figure shows, of all the factors contributing to job satisfaction, 81% were motivators. And of all the factors contributing to the employees dissatisfaction over their work, 69% involved hygiene elements. The term job enrichment describes this embryonic movement. An older term, job enlargement, should be avoided because it is associated with past failures stemming from a misunderstanding of the problem. Job enrichment provides the opportunity for the employees psychological growth, while job enlargement merely makes a job structurally bigger. Since scientific job enrichment is very new, this article only suggests the principles and practical steps that have recently emerged from several successful experiments in industry. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslows ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization) are today more relevant than ever. Abraham Maslows book Motivation and Personality, published in 1954 (second edition 1970) introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, and Maslow extended his ideas in other work, notably his later book Toward A Psychology Of Being, a significant and relevant commentary, which has been revised in recent times by Richard Lowry, who is in his own right a leading academic in the field of motivational psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in New York in 1908 and died in 1970, although various publications appear in Maslows name in later years. Maslows PhD in psychology in 1934 at the University of Wisconsin formed the basis of his motivational research, initially studying rhesus monkeys. Maslow later moved to New Yorks Brooklyn College. Maslows original five-stage Hierarchy of Needs model is clearly and directly attributable to Maslow; later versions with added motivational stages are not so clearly attributable. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs has been extended through interpretation of Maslows work by other people, and these augmented models and diagrams are shown as the adapted seven and eight-stage Hierarchy of Needs models below. There is some uncertainty as to how and when these additional three stages (six, seventh and eighth Cognitive, Aesthetic, and Transcendence) came to be added, and by whom, to the Hierarchy of Needs model, and many people consider Maslows original five-stage Hierarchy Of Needs model to be the definitive (and perfectly adequate) concept. Each of us is motivated by needs. Our most basic needs are inborn, having evolved over tens of thousands of years. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs helps to explain how these needs motivate us all. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development. Conversely, if the things that satisfy our lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs. Maslows original Hierarchy of Needs model was developed between 1943-1954, and first widely published in Motivation and Personality in 1954. At this time the Hierarchy of Needs model comprised five needs. This original version remains for most people the definitive Hierarchy of Needs. 1. Biological and Physiological needs air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Abraham Maslow created the original five level Hierarchy of Needs model, and for many this remains entirely adequate for its purpose. The seven and eight level hierarchy of needs models are later adaptations by others. Arguably, the original five-level model includes the later additional sixth, seventh and eighth (Cognitive, Aesthetic, and Transcendence) levels within the original Self-Actualization level 5, since each one of the new motivators concerns an area of self-development and self-fulfilment that is rooted in self-actualization growth, and is distinctly different to any of the previous 1-4 level deficiency motivators. For many people, self-actualizing commonly involves each and every one of the newly added drivers. As such, the original five-level Hierarchy of Needs model remains a definitive classical representation of human motivation; and the later adaptations pMaslows Hierarchy of Needs is an excellent model for understanding human motivation, but it is a broad concept. If you are puzzled as to how to relate given behaviour to the Hierarchy it could be that your definition of the behaviour needs refining. For example, where does doing things for fun fit into the model? The answer is that it cant until you define doing things for fun more accurately. Youd need to define more precisely each given situation where a person is doing things for fun in order to analyse motivation according to Maslows Hierarchy, since the fun activity motive can potentially be part any of the five original Maslow needs. Understanding whether striving to achieve a particular need or aim is fun can provide a helpful basis for identifying a Maslow driver within a given behaviour, and thereby to assess where a particular behaviour fits into the modelerhaps serve best to illustrate aspects of self-actualization. Michael Carey makes a strong statement about the role of individuals and teams within a growing organization. All entrepreneurial businesses need the drive and vision of one individual to make them happen; but Ive never seen a successful business that solely depends on one person to be successful. Recognizing and accepting the necessity for change is an important step in successful management. Various leading international fi nancial publications including Best Debt House, Best Equity House Best MA house from Euromoney, Best Local Investment Bank, Best Local Brokerage and Best Overall Country Research from FinanceAsia. The company has also finished its spot in the region of human resources, with CIMB charming the National Human Resource Excellence Award in 2002. A year preceding the collection determined to merge its internal process by centralize the human possessions function in its place of having person HR departments in the groups subsidiary. With an long-drawn-out, federal HR Department, there was a urgent need to tap on technical innovation to get better commerce process and prepared efficiencies. This encouraged CIMB to organize eHR, an electronic human resources workflow answer urbanized on the Microsoft platform by Microsoft Gold Certifi ed associate, Mesiniaga Bhd. Up till then, the process in the HR section were basically physically driven. Other key challenge which CIMB faced after that were complexity in track the status of staff needs and application; lack of addition between a range of department ensuing in replication of try and data-entry errors; not there forms and ever growing storage space required for hardcopy forms. prior to the foreword of eHR, the HR Department had to overhaul about 800 users on a daily basis for a variety of HR-related form and needs. Because these forms and requirements were handled physically and paper-based, it took a huge deal of time to procedure. With manpower predictable to augment in the coming years, the circumstances would only get more urgent. Euromoney, Best Local Investment Bank, Best Local Brokerage and Best Overall Country Research from FinanceAsia. The company has also finished its spot in the region of human resources, with CIMB charming the National Human Resource Excellence Award in 2002. A year preceding the collection determined to merge its internal process by centralize the human possessions function in its place of having person HR departments in the groups subsidiary. With an long-drawn-out, federal HR Department, there was a urgent need to tap on technical innovation to get better commerce process and prepared efficiencies. This encouraged CIMB to organize eHR, an electronic human resources workflow answer urbanized on the Microsoft platform by Microsoft Gold Certifi ed associate, Mesiniaga Bhd. Up till then, the process in the HR section were basically physically driven. Other key challenge which CIMB faced after that were complexity in track the status of staff needs and application; lack of addition between a range of department ensuing in replication of try and data-entry errors; not there forms and ever growing storage space required for hardcopy forms. prior to the foreword of eHR, the HR Department had to overhaul about 800 users on a daily basis for a variety of HR-related form and needs. Because these forms and requirements were handled physically and paper-based, it took a huge deal of time to procedure. With manpower predictable to augment in the coming years, the circumstances would only get more urgent. As the information from the paper forms were not keyed into any electronic system, each time any staff information was required, it had to be physically retrieved from the fi les. For managers, this meant they had no effi cient way to fi nd out how many of their staff were on leave or who had gone for training. We spent a lot of time digging for information from the fi les, and then checking and verifying records with the users, says Hamidah Naziadin, Director of Corporate Resources Division, Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd. Our mission at that time was also to change HRs role from a very traditional administrative one to become more like a strategic partner. And how are we going to move ahead if we are going to be continually bogged down by all this? Hamidah asks. We needed a system which could empower HR staff, making them a whole lot more effi cient, she says. Hamidah adds that empowerment comes from having information at your fi ngertips and being able to analyze the information to make better and faster decisions. the HR Department had to service about 800 users on a daily basis for various HR-related forms and requests. Because these forms and requests were handled manually and paper-based, it took a great deal of time to process. With manpower expected to   increase in the coming years, the situation would only get more pressing.   As the information from the paper form was not key into several electronic scheme, every occasion any staff information be necessary, it had to be bodily retrieve from the files. For manager, this destined they had no well-organized way to discover out how a lot of of their employees were on abscond or who had gone for teaching. We exhausted a lot of time dig for information from the files, and then examination and verifying records with the users, says Hamidah Naziadin, Director of Corporate Resources Division, Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd. Our assignment at that time was also to alter HRs position from a very customary managerial one to turn out to be more like a planned partner. And how are we leaving to move in front if we are leaving to be repeatedly bogged downward by all this? Hamidah asks. We wanted a scheme which might empower HR staff, creation them a whole lot additional efficient, she says. Hamidah add that empowerment come from have in order at your finger tips and life form clever to examine the in order to create better and sooner decision. With speedy growth came the need to improve its credit risk scorecards ability. CIMB Bank chosen SAS to improve its interior risk scorecard growth capability for a quicker level of new credit risk scorecards. During the first stages of the merger, the bank needed to put together all the client data in a consistent format. Obtainable credit scorecards were to be recalibrated to improved gauge and rank credit to help fuel commerce growth. The scorecard modeling process also had to be simplified to allow experts, such as business analyst, to do information without request help from the IT department. The bank required scorecard modelers to have additional time to focus on create models that help it grow and stay gainful The Dagang Net CIMB Bank Collaboration in DutyNet produced a homegrown Malaysian product that is set to put Malaysia on the map of   echnological advancement. As the country that entered its 50th year of independent nationhood, Malaysia looks to become a competitive global player in all areas of economic growth said Abdul Halim Othman, Head, Government Relationship Management, CIMB Bank. DutyNet has spurred interest in ASEAN, which is now looking at individual National Single Window (NSW) where traders from any originating ASEAN country will be able to make duty payments to RMC via Dagang Nets financial services payment gateway. RMC has a vision of becoming a worldclass Customs administration. In this respect, RMCs mission it to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ collect duties and taxes efficiently à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promote the development of trade and industrial sectors through continuous Customs facilitations   Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ enhance legal compliance, safeguard economic, social and security Interests increments. beneath the preparation module, employees can view online the list of education programs obtainable for them and make a ask for for the pertinent training course. To ease the managerial burden of the HR staff, the eHR answer promote the self- repair idea. workers are buoyant to inform their individual information themselves, plus the change completed by means of the organization is automatically reorganized. They can also right of entry the classification to hit upon out about accessible accommodation loan scheme and whether they meet the criteria for it. workers can now access the online employee manual any time and from anywhere with Internet right of entry. Making change to the manual is no longer a annoyance as it is easily efficient online compare to before when alteration have to be on paper out and isolated to employees. As the answer interface with the companys secretarial system, claim for items such as checkup and activity operating cost will be right away updated into the office scheme. And this eliminates the require to re-key in the information into the plan. So it cuts down a lot of needless paper work and reduce the possible for mistake in information entry, said by Kamariah Mohd. Anxious with meeting its anticipated load of 750 users performing simultaneous online transactions, CIMB-GK embarked on the first phase of its implementation with Borland SilkPerformer, an enterprise-tool for software application performance and load testing. Pleased with the hassle-free implementation, Mr Rahardja said, We have a terrific working relationship with Borland. We are very pleased with the Borland team, whose professionalism, responsiveness and excellent customer support delivered a smooth-sailing and successful implementation. When we needed help, we received almost immediate assistance from the Borland product experts. The implementation was completed on time and within budget, with the system going live in May 2008.   Theoretical framework Figure 2 The image above explains that if a company gives employees the freedom for growth and sufficient salary, more often than not employees attain job satisfaction and renders loyalty. Figure 2 Population sample, data collection, data analysis The researcher visited the different libraries for journals, articles and studies needed for the research. The researchers gathered time-series data from different Banking institutions to assure of its validity and consistency. The researchers would also gathered different news and articles regarding the past events that involves or has consistent customer interaction as its main issue. It would tackle evidences of how proper services, awareness serves as the means affect the profit and increase the margin for more clients. The researcher has also researched data of the banks that have similar situations with CIMD The researcher would gather data from 2007-2009 to be able to assure consistency and reliability. This study will took place within CIMB BANK BERHAD in Malaysia.   Participants will be selected according to their desire to participate in this study.   Narrative data will be generated from all researched studies such as journals, articles, academic references, etc. The data analysis will Quantitative research enables the researcher to generate new theories from gathering descriptive data about the research topic. Quantitative research process involves the result of a certain procedure. The type of qualitative research studies undertaken are ethnographical, which refers to the description of a phenomenon from a cultural group or society, grounded theory, which focuses on real life settings and phenomenological which describes different experiences.   Quantitative research is used to identify the specific effect which leads to using statistical evidence and appropriate statistical tools. It is also used for intervention studies and randomized control trials, which is the gold standard, observational and cohort studies. The quantitative approach is applicable to smaller sample group to generate rich data.   Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words,   In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research design are either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A evocative study establish only relations between variables.  Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words,   In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research design are either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new (subjects measured before and after a treatment ). A evocative study establish only relations between variables.     Research methodology The agreed consumers of CIMB BANK BERHAD to answer the semi-interviews are two medical practitioners, general managers, homemakers, and two college students. They were chosen purposively for the reason of this study. A designed questionnaire for semi-interview was utilized for collection of data from the participants. Below are the selected questions asked during the interview.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The questions consisted of the following broad sections; and approach through the services proved by CIMB BANK BERHAD and information and insight about dissimilar aspect of their services. These selected interview questions were created to identify how CIMB BANK BERHAD conduct their sevice and how much they aim to satisfy their financial needs. Since they interact with such with the representatives of CIMB BANK BERHAD first had, they are the most suitable subjects for this study. I have incorporated their familys views on this and how they respond to the participant views. Their familys wer3e included since they are also consumer body. These participants were invited through the accumulated list of consumers that participant in their Customer Satisfaction Survey (CSAT). 30 participants were invited however, only eight responded. Each participant went through semi-interview for 30 minutes.    A previous meeting was made with the participants. Accordingly the participants were briefed and were given a schedule as to when the official interview will occur.    Both Doctors, in this study, have the same qualifications below: More than a year as customers of CIMB SDN BHD-MALAYSIA Above 25 years old Has active profession Both homemakers have the same qualifications: More than a year as customers of CIMB SDN BHD-MALAYSIA Above 18 years old No source of income except their spouse Both Students have the same qualifications: Dependent on their parents regarding financial needs Above 18 years old Both general managers have the same qualifications Has control and jurisdictions on the profit of their industry Above 25 years of age Apart from the consumers of CIMB, this study has interviewed employees, upper management to discuss several questions in regard to the services they render. During the interviews the doctors, general managers, and homemakers were willing to answer the questions. The students, in the other hand, were at times reluctant to answer some of the questions. The students must have thought their answers werent accurate.     Limitation and scope of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A form from HR department had to be filled detailing the research project and once approved by Human Resource manager, it will be forwarded back to the researchers university for approval.   Once approved, further permission would have to be sought for the research project by filling out forms from the Ethics committee. Also the researcher will require the permission from the CIMB BANK BERHAD board. The limitations of this project would be of financial assistance and the participation of the patients. Participants may not be willing to participate and share their information. While financial assistance may have denied assistance. The participants are initially invited verbally. If willing, the patient signed a waiver that he/she approved the participation of this program. The participant will have the option not to disclose certain information if requested Finding discussion

Ethics for the 21st Century Essay -- Essays on Ethics

Ethics for the 21st Century Rushworth M. Kidder has done a remarkable thing; he has assembled from all over the globe the answers of people to this question: "If you could help create a global code of ethics, what would be on it?" This act is so remarkable because he has taken the time to gather the opinions of twenty-four individuals from sixteen nations to create a global forum. What strikes me the most about his study is that the interviewees were not heads of state. They were average people viewed by their communities as ethical leaders. Kidder compiled their thoughts into a list of moral standards for the twenty-first century in his essay " Universal Human Values: Finding an Ethical Common Ground." I agree with his list of standards: love, truthfulness, fairness, freedom, unity, tolerance, responsibility and above all respect for life. The first three of these needs, "love, truthfulness and fairness," are basic human values many of us are brought up with. So important are these lessons in childhood that the drive to carry them out is a natural instinct for most adults. L...

Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout all of our years that we are taught about world history, we are led to believe that Columbus was one of the greatest explorers of all time. In my mind there is no question about whether Christopher Columbus discovered America; of course he did, its Columbus! However, this is a highly debated issue and through writings by authors Jeffery Hart and James W. Loewen we will investigate the true importance of Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, â€Å"Discovering Columbus†, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discover America. He starts off by describing Columbus as â€Å"a genuine titan, a hero of history and of the human spirit.† He goes on to say that, â€Å"In discovering a new part of the world, Columbus destroyed such finite certainties†. By this he means that everyone thought the world was flat but by discovering this new land he â€Å"upset theologies†. He describes the reasons for Columbus going on a voyage as â€Å"multiple† and â€Å"confused†. Columbus wanted to cross the ocean to â€Å"prove his theories of navigation†. Since Spain was always desperate for wealth and the land routes were controlled by the Turks, Columbus wanted â€Å"to find a nautical way to the riches of Asia† and in the process of finding riches he wanted â€Å"to convert the pagan nations† to Christiani ty. He wanted to seek out â€Å"the Earthly Paradise† otherwise known as â€Å"Eden; as foreseen in the book of Revelation.† In doing all of these t...

Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources Essay

The Human Resources Profession Map was created by the Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development (CIPD) together with Human Resources (HR) practitioners. The aim was to highlight and explain what HR personnel need to know, do and how to deliver the highest standards of knowledge, skills and behaviour required for growth and success within an organisation. The HR Map is a very important tool to help personnel identify areas that need to be developed within their career. The HR Professional Map is created for any type of organisation (small or large) and is based around areas of professional competencies to help those just starting their careers as well as seasoned professionals. The Map is structured around ten professional areas, eight behaviours and four bands of professional competence. It holds two professional core areas, which are ‘insights, strategy and solutions’ and ‘leading HR’. These areas are essential for any worker who needs to develop skills to the best possible level. Firstly, s/he needs to understand the company’s values and have a thorough knowledge of what the company does. The basics need to be covered before the employee can proceed within the other training and development parts of the profession map. After learning about insights, strategies and solutions, the HR practitioners should be aware of any arising problems that could effect their work place. The knowledge that comes from the gained behavioural skills should be good enough for HR practitioners to be able to come up with solutions and adapt it to new situations, helping an employee gain confidence and become a better leader. Another eight professional areas that professionals need to know are; service delivery and information; organisation design; organisation development;  resourcing and talent planning; learning and talent development; performance and reward; employee engagement and employee relations. The eight behaviours show what kind of attributes HR practitioners should implement, which are; being curious; a decisive thinker; skilled influencer; personally credible; collaborative; driven to deliver; having the courage to challenge and being a role model. All of those areas and behaviours are covered by four bands of competence. Band one would be for beginners who start their career and have a basic understanding of the HR role and band four would be for senior professionals who have the most experience within a company. The key area for me to focus on within my company would be employee engagement at band one of professional competency. For the last six years I have been working at the cinema where I have learnt everything about the company’s values and goals, through starting as a staff-member to becoming a duty-manager. Employee engagement is a very important level of commitment to any company; an engaged employee should always have pride in what s/he does and work hard to achieve success. In order to have motivated and positive staff who deliver outstanding results, I need to know how to communicate, listen, train/coach my team members, setting aspirational targets through meetings, appraisals and one-to-one sessions. I am sent for various training sessions which provides me with the ability to provide the best support and training for my personnel. After observing and listening to my staff I have noticed that people learn in various ways and I need to adopt different methods in training s essions to get the best out of them and to make them feel valued and motivated. ACTIVITY 2 Understanding Customer Needs. It happens very often in my professional role that certain customers come to me asking for some data, advice or requiring assistance. Not so long ago I had three customers simultaneously come to me with individual problems. They were: Staff Member Emma, who wanted to find out how many hours of holiday she earned so far and when would be the best time to book her holidays. Operational Assistant Ben, who wanted me to add the new starters which would  be starting from the beginning of next week to the system and send a ‘new starter form’ to the Head Office HR Manager. General Manager Paul, who asked me to check our monthly payroll which just got sent through and needed to be replied to by the end of the working day. It is essential that I always try to prioritise my tasks according to the customer needs and the impact it would have on the company. At the beginning I told Emma that I was unable to focus on her query at that specific moment, but would make sure that tomorro w I would have more time to talk through her holiday requests. My priority was checking the monthly payroll. The task was set by my General Manager and I had only till the end of the day to check it. I need to have enough time to thoroughly check the payroll as if there are any mistakes I need to create a report with all the faults found and send it to the HR manager to investigate. Adding new staff to the system was my second priority. The staff’s data did not go live until the week after and therefore was lacking any real pressure in terms of time, and the system we use is simple and straight-forward. Nevertheless, it took priority over Emma in case there were mistakes that would later delay this important and timely process. As stated, Emma was my last priority because her query was not as pressing as the previous two. However, I still made her feel important and valued by informing her that I would have everything ready for the meeting the next day. Effective Communication Effective communication is important in every work place. It is essential for employees to build the appropriate level of trust and understanding, to help create strong working relationships and therefore solve any arising problems with more ease. The three most common ways to communicate in my company are: Face to face. The most efficient and common within my role, it is used when I want to delegate jobs to staff members, within team meetings etc. This type of communication cannot be ignored and is particularly successful in motivating staff to do their jobs effectively. Although sometimes face-to-face can be difficult and cause problems; when dealing with a difficult situation it is sometimes hard to stay calm or always see eye-to-eye. Emotions can become visible which may cloud communication and further exasperate an event. E-mails. These are used on a regular basis. Most contact with external customers is through e-mail and so we need to make sure they are always answered swiftly. They are easy, effectively free and a very fast form of communication. For my internal customers I use an e-mail service for sending out rotas and other staff requests, therefore it is important to check it daily. Unfortunately, sometimes e-mails may be misread and people could feel offended by its content due to miscommunication. Also, some messages may be misplaced and sent to a customer’s ‘spam’ folder and therefore treated as unsent and ignored, causing negative experiences. Feedback Forms. A very popular method that is used for one-to-one meetings, probation reviews and appraisals. These forms provide to customers a clear and concise outline of their positive/negative behaviour, and acknowledge, with their line manager, what kind of changes need to be made, creating a clear plan that could help with their development. Feedback can also help staff feel appreciated and increase their self-esteem. A disadvantage of feedback forms may be the subjective nature of feedback (as anyone within the management team can choose to provide a form without first going through any procedures or checks) leaving open the possibility of personal opinions clashing with a customer’s work ethic. Effective Service Delivery To be able to meet all customer needs the company should have an effective service delivery. Good working relationships and team work should be key to creating a good service delivery for our customers. Everyday I have to deliver satisfactory service on time. Whether it is with our external customers by replying to their e-mails or phone calls on a daily basis or for my internal customers when writing rotas and meeting deadlines set by Management or Head Office. It is essential for a HR practitioner to be able to deliver a service within a timely manner because that will help build trust with customers. Delivering a service on budget is essential in my work place as I have to deal with it on a daily basis. I am mostly responsible for payroll and, within my company, payroll is the biggest controlling cost. Every week we have to schedule staff according to expected business levels. On top of this, everyday we have to control our forecast and act accordingly to set hours, which may incl ude sending staff home when it is quiet or  calling more people in when it is busy. Dealing with difficult customers and handling complaints is not easy, especially external ones. Whenever I have to deal with one I am always focused, listen to the person’s complaint, apologise for the problem and try to explain why certain situation have happened. I’m always trying to put myself in their position and empathise with them. Sometimes just explaining things may resolve the problem because a customer may not understand something, be confused or simply be agitated and in need of assistance. I asses the situation and decide how best to resolve it (whether with a mere apology or free guest passes etc). If the customer is still not happy with the outcome and would like the complaint to go further, I pass the situation onto head office to be dealt with more formally. When handling and resolving complains it is important to stay calm, communicate and be aware how serious the complaint is. Sometimes is okay to to resolve it in an informal one-to-one meeting but if it’s something serious like Gross Misconduct, then the complaint must be dealt with form ally which could result in dismissal. Looking at the Associate Membership criteria I would need to develop ‘practical and technical HR knowledge’ and ‘collating, analysing and interpreting data’. These two areas stand out the most from the associated membership criteria because I know I could develop these skills better throughout my personal development plan and become a more skilled HR practitioner. Learning more about practical and technical HR knowledge will expand my awareness and make me a more rounded, proficient professional. And learning how to properly collate, analyse and interpret data is something I have yet to really learn and so will give me a crucial grounding for further development. In order to be able to grow within developing practical and technical HR knowledge I would have to gain a lot of experience by shadowing my HR manager and fellow colleagues. In my organisation it is very important to know as much as possible about the human resources department because we do not hav e many people on site with HR skills. After learning about HR development I could focus on one or two key areas, such as disciplinary procedures or maternity leave, which would add key areas of knowledge to my  current HR capabilities. I believe that developing yourself practically and technically is essential for an individual who wants to become a good HR practitioner within his/her company as this is a core grounding to any career in HR. Collating, analysing and interpreting data is connected to developing practical and technical knowledge within my HR area. By getting support from my line managers I can be trained in creating weekly analyses of all payroll reports such as sickness submissions, lateness tracker and breaks. That skill would teach me how to work on our workforce payroll and I would get to know the rules and disciplinary procedures. With that in mind, I would be able to implement visible data and make staff responsible for their absences. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is a â€Å"combination of approaches, ideas and techniques that will help you manage your own learning and growth†, focusing â€Å"firmly on results – the benefits that professional development can bring you in the real world† (CIPD website). It can be defined as a life-long learning project that describes the actions of an individual professional who is continuously planning, managing, reviewing and developing his/her skills within their professional or private life. The main aspect of CPD is the Personal Development Plan (PDP) which is structured to help and support individuals to be able to plan and organise their objectives or values in their personal or career development. It identifies what skills and knowledge you need to develop to progress further. I believe that CPD is important to me and my organisation because it gives me and my employer a chance to grow and progress within my career. It sets clear objectives and provides an opportunity to widen any knowledge and skills which are important to succeed within the organisation. By planning my PDP I am able to understand my strengths and weaknesses and learn how to improve them day by day. It keeps me interested therefore I feel motivated and positive. The company can also benefit from having the structure of CPD in place as it helps the company move forward by having motivated and happy personnel, as well as better working relationships due to managers spending more time with staff through one-to-one meetings and appraisals. The two options that I chose from my personal development plan are having practical and technical HR knowledge and completion of my CIPD course. Personally, advantages of having practical and technical HR knowledge would be the ability to implement my new skills on site and be able to use more of my own initiative on day to day basis. By shadowing my HR manager and having support from my head office team I would be able to learn about all procedures very quickly. In having those skills I would know how to run the HR department and by doing so I would be very well prepared for HR audits. The only disadvantage for this area would be time organisation, in making sure I can travel to London (and therefore needing cover) and that my HR manager has time to coach me, although this would only be for a set amount of time. The reason why I chose to study an online CIPD course is because I wanted to get my qualification while I was still working a full-time job. It provides great flexibility and no daily travel saves a lot of time and money. I find studying online is less stressful than face-to-face college as it allows me to work within my on surroundings and at a pace I am comfortable with. All lessons are available via a website and the tutors are always quick in responding to e-mails. A disadvantage to studying online is the lack of visible pressure from tutors to push me to work between my regular weekly shifts at work, although this at least helps improve my self-motivational skills.